Gauge invariance in the theoretical description of time-resolved angle-resolved pump/probe photoemission spectroscopy

Freericks, J. K.; Krishnamurthy, H. R.; Sentef, M. A.; Devereaux, T. P.

doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2015/T165/014012

Gauge invariance in the theoretical description of time-resolved angle-resolved pump/probe photoemission spectroscopy

Journal Article · Thu Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Physica Scripta

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2015/T165/014012· OSTI ID:1270633

Freericks, J. K.; Krishnamurthy, H. R.; Sentef, M. A.; Devereaux, T. P.

Nonequilibrium calculations in the presence of an electric field are usually performed in a gauge, and need to be transformed to reveal the gauge-invariant observables. In this work, we discuss the issue of gauge invariance in the context of time-resolved angle-resolved pump/probe photoemission. If the probe is applied while the pump is still on, one must ensure that the calculations of the observed photocurrent are gauge invariant. We also discuss the requirement of the photoemission signal to be positive and the relationship of this constraint to gauge invariance. We end by discussing some technical details related to the perturbative derivation of the photoemission spectra, which involve processes where the pump pulse photoexcites electrons due to nonequilibrium effects.

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: US DOE Office of Science (DOE SC)

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1270633

Report Number(s):: SLAC-PUB--16652; arXiv:1403.7585

Journal Information:: Physica Scripta, Journal Name: Physica Scripta Vol. T165; ISSN 0031-8949

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Erratum: Theoretical Description of time-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy: Application to Pump-Probe Experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 , 136401 (2009)] Freericks, J. K.; Krishnamurthy, H. R.; Pruschke, Th. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.119.189903	journal	November 2017
Nonequilibrium electron dynamics in pump-probe spectroscopy: Role of excited phonon populations Abdurazakov, O.; Nevola, D.; Rustagi, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.245110	journal	December 2018
Theory of Floquet band formation and local pseudospin textures in pump-probe photoemission of graphene Sentef, M. A.; Claassen, M.; Kemper, A. F. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8047	journal	May 2015
Constant Matrix Element Approximation to Time-Resolved Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Freericks, J. K.; Krishnamurthy, H. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1610.02625	preprint	January 2016
Ultra-fast photo-carrier relaxation in Mott insulators with short-range spin correlations Eckstein, Martin; Werner, Philipp arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1410.3956	text	January 2014
Theory of subcycle time-resolved photoemission: application to terahertz photodressing in graphene Schüler, Michael; Sentef, Michael A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2103.15900	text	January 2021

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