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Gauge invariance in the theoretical description of time-resolved angle-resolved pump/probe photoemission spectroscopy

Journal Article · · Physica Scripta
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]
  1. Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC (United States); Georgetown University
  2. Indian Inst. of Science, Bangalore (India); Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore (India)
  3. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  4. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Nonequilibrium calculations in the presence of an electric field are usually performed in a gauge, and need to be transformed to reveal the gauge-invariant observables. In this work, we discuss the issue of gauge invariance in the context of time-resolved angle-resolved pump/probe photoemission. If the probe is applied while the pump is still on, one must ensure that the calculations of the observed photocurrent are gauge invariant. We also discuss the requirement of the photoemission signal to be positive and the relationship of this constraint to gauge invariance. Here, we end by discussing some technical details related to the perturbative derivation of the photoemission spectra, which involve processes where the pump pulse photoemits electrons due to nonequilibrium effects.

Research Organization:
Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division
Grant/Contract Number:
FG02-08ER46542; AC02-76SF00515; SC0007091
OSTI ID:
1783718
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 22553189
OSTI ID: 1270633
Journal Information:
Physica Scripta, Journal Name: Physica Scripta Vol. T165; ISSN 0031-8949
Publisher:
IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (9)

Gauge-invariant formulation of the intracollisional field effect including collisional broadening journal August 1991
Nonlinear response of Bloch electrons in infinite dimensions journal February 2005
Mapping of unoccupied states and relevant bosonic modes via the time-dependent momentum distribution journal June 2013
Quantum kinetic theory of plasmas in strong laser fields journal October 1999
Theoretical Description of Time-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy: Application to Pump-Probe Experiments journal March 2009
Examining Electron-Boson Coupling Using Time-Resolved Spectroscopy journal December 2013
Theoretical description of time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy: application to pump-probe experiments text January 2008
Examining electron-boson coupling using time-resolved spectroscopy text January 2012
Nonlinear response of Bloch electrons in infinite dimensions text January 2004

Cited By (7)

Ultra-fast photo-carrier relaxation in Mott insulators with short-range spin correlations journal February 2016
Constant Matrix Element Approximation to Time-Resolved Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy preprint January 2016
Theory of subcycle time-resolved photoemission: application to terahertz photodressing in graphene text January 2021
Theory of Floquet band formation and local pseudospin textures in pump-probe photoemission of graphene journal May 2015
Nonequilibrium electron dynamics in pump-probe spectroscopy: Role of excited phonon populations journal December 2018
Erratum: Theoretical Description of time-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy: Application to Pump-Probe Experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 , 136401 (2009)] journal November 2017
Ultra-fast photo-carrier relaxation in Mott insulators with short-range spin correlations text January 2014

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Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY