Effect of chemical attack and operational parameters on the wear of blast furnace refractories
A survey of refractory behavior in a blast furnace has been made because refractory and furnace design problems associated with iron production may apply to coal gasification units. Iron is made in a cylindrical, refractory lined, steel shell that has an internal height of 80 to 90 feet and an internal diameter at tuyere level of 20 to 45 feet. Operational observations, when applied to coal gasification units, suggest that carbon deposition is of little consequence as long as sulfides are present in the gas phase. Alkali (K/sub 2/O and Na/sub 2/O) are liberated as coal is burned in steam and oxygen; circulation of this alkali in the gas should glaze the lining. However, if the alkali recombines with the coke ash to form the high melting (Na,K)/sub 2/O . Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ . 2SiO/sub 2/, abrasion may occur in the off-takes. When the alkali or alkali plus any iron oxide or iron sulfide form as liquid droplets, deposits collect in the off-takes or on the vessel walls. Under some conditions the alkali fume can enter the refractory pores to cause alkali growth or it can carry over into the separator for water vapor, CO/sub 2/, and sulfur. If a gunnited lining is properly installed, there is a possibility that the calcium aluminate bond in the gunnite may unite with the first alkali to partially seal off the already low permeability wall to gas penetration. Flow models of coal gasification units should be tested to determine where abrasion or particle buildups may occur. The vessels must have excellent installations. The units should be equipped with radioactive pellets to monitor any lining loss and the shell should be equipped with strain gages to monitor excessive expansion of the refractories in the lining.
- DOE Contract Number:
- E(49-18)-3731
- OSTI ID:
- 7348573
- Report Number(s):
- FE-3731-1
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
BLAST FURNACES
OPERATION
COAL GASIFICATION PLANTS
MATERIALS
REFRACTORIES
CORROSION
STEELS
ALUMINIUM SILICATES
CARBON
DEPOSITION
LINING PROCESSES
POTASSIUM OXIDES
SODIUM OXIDES
SULFIDES
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALLOYS
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
ELEMENTS
FURNACES
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
IRON ALLOYS
IRON BASE ALLOYS
NONMETALS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS
SILICATES
SILICON COMPOUNDS
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
010404* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Gasification
360105 - Metals & Alloys- Corrosion & Erosion
360205 - Ceramics
Cermets
& Refractories- Corrosion & Erosion