Combined toxicity effects of chlorine, ammonia, and temperature on marine plankton. Progress report, November 1976--31 January 1978
Studies on the effects of chlorine, chloramines, and temperature on marine plankton have been carried out for three years. Species studied include marine phytoplankton, lobster larvae (Homarus americanus), oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica), copepods (Acartia tonsa), rotifers (Brachionas plicatilis), grass shrimp (Palamonetes pugio) summer flounder larvae (Paralichthys dentatus), larval and juvenile killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), juvenile scup (Stenotomus versicolor), and juvenile winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). In addition extensive studies on chlorine chemistry in seawater have been carried out. The major conclusions are that entrainment effects on permanent plankton such as phytoplankton, copepods, and rotifers are temporary, that is those organisms surviving chlorination and temperature shocks are capable of renewed and unrestricted growth once returned to the receiving water. Because chlorine is only applied for short periods daily in most power plants, the total population of the above organisms actually exposed to chlorine is small and the effects may be hardly measurable in receiving waters. However, chlorination effects on larval species that spawn intermittently could be catastrophic. In addition, there are many unanswered questions regarding the fate of chlorine that is dissipated in marine waters. Are the losses real and, if so, do they pose a toxicity threat to marine biota.
- Research Organization:
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Mass. (USA)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- DOE Contract Number:
- EY-76-S-02-2532
- OSTI ID:
- 7286885
- Report Number(s):
- COO-2532-3
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS
CHLORAMINES
TOXICITY
CHLORINE
COOLING SYSTEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
LARVAE
ENTRAINMENT
PRODUCTIVITY
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
PHYTOPLANKTON
THERMAL POLLUTION
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
ZOOPLANKTON
AMINES
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HALOGENS
NONMETALS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
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ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
PLANKTON
POLLUTION
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