Measurement and instrumentation techniques for monitoring plutonium and uranium particulates released from nuclear facilities
The purpose of this work has been an analysis and evaluation of the state-of-the-art of measurement and instrumentation techniques for monitoring plutonium and uranium particulates released from nuclear facilities. The occurrence of plutonium and uranium in the nuclear fuel cycle, the corresponding potential for releases, associated radiological protection standards and monitoring objectives are discussed. Techniques for monitoring via decay radiation from plutonium and uranium isotopes are presented in detail, emphasizing air monitoring, but also including soil sampling and survey methods. Additionally, activation and mass measurement techniques are discussed. The availability and prevalence of these various techniques are summarized. Finally, possible improvements in monitoring capabilities due to alterations in instrumentation, data analysis, or programs are presented.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48; EPA-INA-D5-E681-SUB-77-BCK
- OSTI ID:
- 7133256
- Report Number(s):
- LBL-5218; TRN: 77-003648
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS
NUCLEAR FACILITIES
RADIATION MONITORING
PLUTONIUM
DAUGHTER PRODUCTS
HEALTH HAZARDS
URANIUM
AIR POLLUTION MONITORS
AIR SAMPLERS
ALPHA SOURCES
AMERICIUM 241
BETA SOURCES
BODY BURDEN
CRITICAL ORGANS
ENVIRONMENT
FUEL CYCLE
GAMMA SOURCES
MAN
NEPTUNIUM 237
NEPTUNIUM 239
NUCLEAR FUELS
PARTICLES
PERFORMANCE
PERSONNEL
RADIATION DETECTORS
RADIOACTIVE AEROSOLS
RADIOACTIVE EFFLUENTS
RADIONUCLIDE KINETICS
RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION
SAMPLING
SOILS
SURFACE AIR
THORIUM 228
THORIUM 229
THORIUM 230
THORIUM 231
THORIUM 232
THORIUM 234
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
URANIUM 232
URANIUM 234
URANIUM 235
URANIUM 236
URANIUM 238
ACTINIDE ISOTOPES
ACTINIDE NUCLEI
ACTINIDES
AEROSOLS
AIR
ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
AMERICIUM ISOTOPES
ANIMALS
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BODY
COLLOIDS
DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
DISPERSIONS
DISTRIBUTION
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI
EVEN-ODD NUCLEI
FLUIDS
FUELS
GASES
HAZARDS
HEAVY NUCLEI
HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
ION SOURCES
ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
MAMMALS
MASS TRANSFER
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
METALS
MINUTES LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
MONITORING
NEPTUNIUM ISOTOPES
NUCLEI
ODD-EVEN NUCLEI
ORGANS
PARTICLE SOURCES
PRIMATES
RADIATION SOURCES
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
RADIOISOTOPES
REACTOR MATERIALS
SAMPLERS
SOLS
THORIUM ISOTOPES
TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS
URANIUM ISOTOPES
VERTEBRATES
WASTES
YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
500300* - Environment
Atmospheric- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)
510300 - Environment
Terrestrial- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)
053000 - Nuclear Fuels- Environmental Aspects