Effectiveness of sheltering in buildings and vehicles for plutonium
The purpose of this paper is to collect and present current knowledge relevant to the protection offered by sheltering against exposure to plutonium particles released to the atmosphere during accidents. For those many contaminants for which effects are linear with the airborne concentration, it is convenient to define a Dose Reduction Factor (DRF). In the past, the DRF has been defined as the ratio of the radiological dose that may be incurred within the shelter to that in the outdoors. As such, it includes the dose through shine from plumes aloft and from material deposited on the surface. For this paper, which is concerned only with the inhalation pathway, the DRF is the ratio of the time-integrated concentration inside the shelter to that outdoors. It is important to note that the range over which effects are linear with concentration may be limited for many contaminants. Examples are when concentrations produce effects that are irreversible, or when concentrations are below effects threshold levels. 71 refs., 4 figs., 8 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- DOE/EH
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC06-76RL01830
- OSTI ID:
- 6670107
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/EH-0159T; ON: DE90016697
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ACCIDENTS
EMISSION
BIOLOGICAL SHIELDING
EVALUATION
PARTICULATES
INHALATION
RADIOACTIVE AEROSOLS
CONCENTRATION RATIO
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE PATHWAY
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
OFFICE BUILDINGS
PARTICLES
PLUMES
PLUTONIUM
POLLEN
RADIATION PROTECTION
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
SHELTERS
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
VEHICLES
WIND
ACTINIDES
AEROSOLS
AIR POLLUTION
BUILDINGS
COLLOIDS
DISPERSIONS
ELEMENTS
GAMETES
GERM CELLS
INTAKE
METALS
POLLUTION
SHIELDING
SOLS
TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS
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Atmospheric- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)
540120 - Environment
Atmospheric- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)
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