Selection of a form for fixation of iodine-129
This report summarizes work on the selection of an /sup 129/I disposal form. Iodine compounds have been screened on the basis of solubilities, thermal stabilities, cost and availability, toxicity of the cation, and the thermodynamic resistance to oxidation and hydrolysis, and leaching of that compound in portland type III cement. Also considered were iodine capture technology, disposal criteria or guidelines, and the disposal site/strategy. The recommended iodine fixation forms, based on their leach resistance and chemical stability and contingent on the disposal strategy/site and capture technique, are silver iodide in cement and barium, calcium, or strontium, and mercuric iodates in cement. Iodine sodalite appears promising and merits further study. If compatible with disposal requirements, the recommended forms for Mercurex and Iodox are insoluble iodates in cement and for silver sorbents the sorbents in cement or AgI in cement. Conversion between the different oxidation states of iodine is feasible but complicates the iodine treatment. For the different disposal strategies, isotopic dilution or ocean disposal has the least stringent disposal form requirements. Any of the recommended forms should be suitable with proper site selection. Isolation in a geologic repository for thousands of years requires the disposal form to be thermally and chemically stable and resistant to leaching at elevated temperatures. Probably the best form studied for isolation is silver iodide in cement. For extraterrestrial disposal, the disposal form may have to withstand reentry impact and surface disposal in the event of an aborted mission; this assumes the capsule is not recovered. Thus the primary containment barrier is critical. The suggested iodine form for space disposal is a heavy metal iodide.
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC06-76RL01830
- OSTI ID:
- 5664862
- Report Number(s):
- PNL-4045; ON: DE82007872; TRN: 82-008510
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
CEMENTS
LEACHING
IODINE 129
ADSORPTION
RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL
RADIOACTIVE WASTE PROCESSING
SILVER IODIDES
ADSORBENTS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS
IODATES
IODOX PROCESS
MARINE DISPOSAL
MERCURY COMPOUNDS
SCRUBBERS
ZEOLITES
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BUILDING MATERIALS
DISSOLUTION
EQUIPMENT
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS
INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI
INTERNAL CONVERSION RADIOISOTOPES
IODIDES
IODINE COMPOUNDS
IODINE ISOTOPES
ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS
ISOTOPES
MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS
MINERALS
NUCLEI
ODD-EVEN NUCLEI
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
PROCESSING
RADIOISOTOPES
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SILVER COMPOUNDS
SORPTION
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
WASTE DISPOSAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE PROCESSING
YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
052001* - Nuclear Fuels- Waste Processing
052002 - Nuclear Fuels- Waste Disposal & Storage