Interaction of a sub-bituminous coal with a strong acid and a strong base
The interaction of a Wyoming subbituminous coal with molten phosphoric acid containing catalytic additives, and also with molten sodium hydroxide containing catalytic additives, has been studied at 200/sup 0/C under hydrogen at atmospheric pressure. Treated coal was recovered from the melt by dilution with water and subsequent filtration. Phosphoric acid treatment resulted in a product that had phosphorus incorporated into the organic coal matrix (up to 2.4 wt% in 4 hr). The products showed little desulfurization or deashing, and a much reduced mechanical strength, compared to raw coal. Benzene extractability of the melt-treated coal increased to a maximum of 3.79 wt% (compared to 1.85% for untreated coal) in the first half-hour of reaction, and then declined on further treatment to reach 2.28% in 4 hr. None of the additives tested resulted in benzene extractability greater than the maximum obrained with phosphoric acid alone. Extracts from acid-treatment experiments were characterized by mass spectrometry, ir, uv, and nmr; these extracts contained no aromatics, and thus were similar to extracts obtained in an earlier study with zinc chloride melts. Sodium hydroxide treatment of Wyodak coal resulted in a product similar to the original coal, both in appearance and mechanical strength. X-ray fluorescence analysis indicated up to 50% desulfurization. Because the amounts of material extracted by organic solvents are so small under these experimental conditions, the results cannot be used to draw general conclusions about the chemical structure of this coal or of liquefaction products from it.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 5164245
- Report Number(s):
- LBL-5997
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
COAL
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
PHOSPHORIC ACID
SODIUM HYDROXIDES
BENZENE
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CATALYSTS
DESULFURIZATION
INFRARED SPECTRA
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS
ZINC CHLORIDES
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
AROMATICS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHLORIDES
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ENERGY SOURCES
EXTRACTION
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXIDES
INORGANIC ACIDS
KETONES
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
RESONANCE
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
SPECTRA
SPECTROSCOPY
X-RAY EMISSION ANALYSIS
ZINC COMPOUNDS
ZINC HALIDES
010600* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Properties & Composition