Low Pathogenicity H7N3 Avian Influenza Viruses Have Higher Within-Host Genetic Diversity Than a Closely Related High Pathogenicity H7N3 Virus in Infected Turkeys and Chickens

Leyson, Christina M.; Criado, Miriã F.; Youk, Sungsu; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.

doi:10.3390/v14030554

Title: Low Pathogenicity H7N3 Avian Influenza Viruses Have Higher Within-Host Genetic Diversity Than a Closely Related High Pathogenicity H7N3 Virus in Infected Turkeys and Chickens

Journal Article · Tue Mar 08 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Viruses

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030554· OSTI ID:1983143

^[1];

^[2]; Youk, Sungsu ^[1];

^[1]

US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Athens, GA (United States). Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Athens, GA (United States). Agricultural Research Service (ARS); Auburn Univ., AL (United States)

Within-host viral diversity offers a view into the early stages of viral evolution occurring after a virus infects a host. In recent years, advances in deep sequencing have allowed for routine identification of low-frequency variants, which are important sources of viral genetic diversity and can potentially emerge as a major virus population under certain conditions. We examined within-host viral diversity in turkeys and chickens experimentally infected with closely related H7N3 avian influenza viruses (AIVs), specifically one high pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV) and two low pathogenicity AIV (LPAIVs) with different neuraminidase protein stalk lengths. Consistent with the high mutation rates of AIVs, an abundance of intra-host single nucleotide variants (iSNVs) at low frequencies of 2–10% was observed in all samples collected. Furthermore, a small number of common iSNVs were observed between turkeys and chickens, and between directly inoculated and contact-exposed birds. Notably, the LPAIVs have significantly higher iSNV diversities and frequencies of nonsynonymous changes than the HPAIV in both turkeys and chickens. These findings highlight the dynamics of AIV populations within hosts and the potential impact of genetic changes, including mutations in the hemagglutinin gene that confers the high pathogenicity pathotype, on AIV virus populations and evolution.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDA

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014664; 6612-32000-066-00D

OSTI ID:: 1983143

Journal Information:: Viruses, Vol. 14, Issue 3; ISSN 1999-4915

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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high pathogenicity avian influenza
within-host diversity
virus evolution
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chickens
turkeys

Title: Low Pathogenicity H7N3 Avian Influenza Viruses Have Higher Within-Host Genetic Diversity Than a Closely Related High Pathogenicity H7N3 Virus in Infected Turkeys and Chickens

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