Development of High Energy Density Diaminocyclopropenium-Phenothiazine Hybrid Catholytes for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Yan, Yichao; Vogt, David B.; Vaid, Thomas P.; Sigman, Matthew S.; Sanford, Melanie S.

doi:10.1002/anie.202111939

Title: Development of High Energy Density Diaminocyclopropenium-Phenothiazine Hybrid Catholytes for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Journal Article · Wed Oct 20 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Angewandte Chemie (International Edition)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202111939· OSTI ID:1981384

^[1]; Vogt, David B. ^[2]; Vaid, Thomas P. ^[1]; Sigman, Matthew S. ^[2]; Sanford, Melanie S. ^[1]

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)

Abstract This report describes the design of diaminocyclopropenium‐phenothiazine hybrid catholytes for non‐aqueous redox flow batteries. The molecules are synthesized in a rapid and modular fashion by appending a diaminocyclopropenium (DAC) substituent to the nitrogen of the phenothiazine. Combining a versatile C‐N coupling protocol (which provides access to diverse derivatives) with computation and structure‐property analysis enabled the identification of a catholyte that displays stable two‐electron cycling at potentials of 0.64 and 1.00 V vs. Fc/Fc ⁺ as well as high solubility in all oxidation states (≥0.45 M in TBAPF ₆ /MeCN). This catholyte was deployed in a high energy density two‐electron RFB, exhibiting >90 % capacity retention over 266 hours of flow cell cycling at >0.5 M electron concentration.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR); Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; JCESR

OSTI ID:: 1981384

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1832067

Journal Information:: Angewandte Chemie (International Edition), Vol. 60, Issue 52; ISSN 1433-7851

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
catholytes
organic redox flow batteries
phenothiazine
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