Understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Adabi, Horie; Santori, Pietro Giovanni; Shakouri, Abolfazl; Peng, Xiong; Yassin, Karam; Rasin, Igal G.; Brandon, Simon; Dekel, Dario R.; Hassan, Noor Ul; Sougrati, Moulay-Tahar; Zitolo, Andrea; Varcoe, John R.; Regalbuto, John R.; Jaouen, Frédéric; Mustain, William E.

doi:10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100179

Title: Understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Journal Article · Wed Nov 10 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Materials Today Advances

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100179· OSTI ID:1977473

Adabi, Horie ^[1]; Santori, Pietro Giovanni ^[2];

^[1]; Peng, Xiong ^[1]; Yassin, Karam ^[3]; Rasin, Igal G. ^[3]; Brandon, Simon ^[3];

^[3]; Hassan, Noor Ul ^[1];

^[2]; Zitolo, Andrea ^[4]; Varcoe, John R. ^[5]; Regalbuto, John R. ^[1];

^[2];

^[1]

University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)
Montpellier University (France)
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa (Israel)
Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
University of Surrey, Guildford (United Kingdom)

One of the most important needs for the future of low-cost fuel cells is the development of highly active platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts. For the oxygen reduction reaction, Fe–N–C materials have been widely studied in both acid and alkaline media. However, reported catalysts in the literature show quite different intrinsic activity and in-cell performance, despite similar synthesis routes and precursors. Here, two types of Fe–N–C are prepared from the same precursor and procedure – the main difference is how the precursor was handled prior to use. It is shown that in one case Fe overwhelmingly existed as highly active single-metal atoms in FeN4 coordination (preferred), while in the other case large Fe particles coexisting with few single metal atoms were obtained. As a result, there were drastic differences in the catalyst structure, activity, and especially in their performance in an operating anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). Additionally, it is shown that catalyst layers created from single-atom-dominated Fe–N–C can have excellent performance and durability in an AEMFC using H₂/O₂ reacting gases, achieving a peak power density of 1.8 W cm^-2 – comparable to similar AEMFCs with a Pt/C cathode – and being able to operate stably for more than 100 h. Finally, the Fe–N–C cathode was paired with a low-loading PtRu/C anode electrode to create AEMFCs (on H₂/O₂) with a total PGM loading of only 0.135 mg cm^-2 (0.090 mg_Ptcm^-2) that was able to achieve a very high specific power of 8.4 W mg_PGM^-1 (12.6 W mg_Pt<sup>-1).

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Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Center of Catalysis for Renewable Fuels(CReF); European Union's Horizon 2020; Ministry of National Infrastructure, Energy and Water Resources of Israel; Mauerberger Foundation Fund (MFF)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0008433; EP/M014371/1; 721065; 3-15578; 3-16686 (219-11-135)

OSTI ID:: 1977473

Journal Information:: Materials Today Advances, Vol. 12, Issue C; ISSN 2590-0498

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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PGM-free
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oxygen reduction
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Fe–N–C
single-atom

Title: Understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells

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