Antiretroviral therapy for HIV and intrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication

Journal Article · Tue Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2022 · AIDS

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000003116· OSTI ID:1963639

Quinn, Jeffrey R. ^[1]; Goyal, Ashish ^[2]; Ribeiro, Ruy M.  ^[2]; Massaccesi, Guido ^[1]; Bailey, Justin R. ^[1]; Thomas, David L. ^[1]; Balagopal, Ashwin ^[1]

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1. Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (United States)
2. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

HIV alters host responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HCV is rarely understood in relevant tissues and never before within individual hepatocytes. HIV and HCV kinetics were studied before and after ART initiation among 19 HIV/HCV co-infected persons. From five persons with the largest decline in plasma HCV RNA, liver tissues collected before and during ART, when plasma HIV RNA was undetectable, were studied. Here we used single-cell laser capture microdissection and quantitative PCR to assess intrahepatic HCV. Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize intrahepatic immune cell populations. Plasma HCV RNA declined by 0.81 (0.52–1.60) log₁₀ IU/ml from a median (range) 7.26 (6.05–7.29) log₁₀ IU/ml and correlated with proportions of HCV-infected hepatocytes (r = 0.89, P = 2 × 10^-5), which declined from median (range) of 37% (6–49%) to 23% (0.5–52%) after plasma HIV clearance. Median (range) HCV RNA abundance within cells was unchanged in four of five participants. Liver T-cell abundance unexpectedly decreased, whereas natural killer (NK) and NK T-cell infiltration increased, correlating with changes in proportions of HCV-infected hepatocytes (r = -0.82 and r = -0.73, respectively). Hepatocyte expression of HLA-E, an NK cell restriction marker, correlated with proportions of HCV-infected hepatocytes (r = 0.79). These are the first data to show that ART control of HIV reduces the intrahepatic burden of HCV. Furthermore, our data suggest that HIV affects the pathogenesis of HCV infection by an NK/NK T-cell-mediated mechanism that may involve HLA-E and can be rescued, at least in part, by ART.

• Research Organization: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE; National Institutes of Health (NIH)
• Grant/Contract Number: 89233218CNA000001; R37 DA013806; R01 AI116868
• OSTI ID: 1963639
• Report Number(s): LA-UR-21-31059
• Journal Information: AIDS, Vol. 36, Issue 3; ISSN 0269-9370
• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
HCV
HIV
liver
LCM
interferon
antiretroviral therapy