Probing Mg Intercalation in the Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Framework V4Nb18O55

Johnson, Ian D.; Nolis, Gene; McColl, Kit; Wu, Yimin A.; Thornton, Daisy; Hu, Linhua; Yoo, Hyun Deog; Freeland, John W.; Corà, Furio; Cockcroft, Jeremy K.; Parkin, Ivan P.; Klie, Robert F.; Cabana, Jordi; Darr, Jawwad A.

doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01013

Title: Probing Mg Intercalation in the Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Framework V₄Nb₁₈O₅₅

Journal Article · Tue Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Inorganic Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01013· OSTI ID:1960513

^[1]; Nolis, Gene ^[2];

^[1]; Wu, Yimin A. ^[3]; Thornton, Daisy ^[1];

^[2];

^[4]; Freeland, John W. ^[5]; Corà, Furio ^[1];

^[1]; Parkin, Ivan P. ^[1]; Klie, Robert F. ^[6];

^[2];

^[1]

Univ. College London (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR); Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States)
Pusan National Univ., Busan (Korea, Republic of)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States)

While commercial Li-ion batteries offer the highest energy densities of current rechargeable battery technologies, their energy storage limit has almost been achieved. Therefore, there is considerable interest in Mg batteries, which could offer increased energy densities in comparison to Li-ion batteries if a high-voltage electrode material, such as a transition-metal oxide, can be developed. However, there are currently very few oxide materials which have demonstrated reversible and efficient Mg²⁺ insertion and extraction at high voltages; this is thought to be due to poor Mg²⁺ diffusion kinetics within the oxide structural framework. Here, in this paper, the authors provide conclusive evidence of electrochemical insertion of Mg²⁺ into the tetragonal tungsten bronze V₄Nb₁₈O₅₅, with a maximum reversible electrochemical capacity of 75 mA h g^–1, which corresponds to a magnesiated composition of Mg₄V₄Nb₁₈O₅₅. Experimental electrochemical magnesiation/demagnesiation revealed a large voltage hysteresis with charge/discharge (1.12 V vs Mg/Mg²⁺); when magnesiation is limited to a composition of Mg₂V₄Nb₁₈O₅₅, this hysteresis can be reduced to only 0.5 V. Hybrid-exchange density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that a limited number of Mg sites are accessible via low-energy diffusion pathways, but that larger kinetic barriers need to be overcome to access the entire structure. The reversible Mg²⁺ intercalation involved concurrent V and Nb redox activity and changes in crystal structure, as confirmed by an array of complementary methods, including powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Consequently, it can be concluded that the tetragonal tungsten bronzes show promise as intercalation electrode materials for Mg batteries.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; EP/R023662/1; EP/G036675/1; EP/L000202; EP/R029431; EP/P020194; ST/N002385/1; NRF-2018R1C1B6004808; NRF-2018R1A5A1025594

OSTI ID:: 1960513

Journal Information:: Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 59, Issue 14; ISSN 0020-1669

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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electrodes
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intercalation
materials
physical and chemical processes

Title: Probing Mg Intercalation in the Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Framework V4Nb18O55

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Title: Probing Mg Intercalation in the Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Framework V₄Nb₁₈O₅₅