Soluble and stable symmetric tetrazines as anolytes in redox flow batteries

De La Garza, Gloria D.; Kaur, Aman Preet; Shkrob, Ilya A.; Robertson, Lily A.; Odom, Susan A.; McNeil, Anne J.

doi:10.1039/d2ta04515j

Title: Soluble and stable symmetric tetrazines as anolytes in redox flow batteries

Journal Article · Thu Aug 18 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ta04515j· OSTI ID:1922385

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^[2]; Shkrob, Ilya A. ^[3];

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University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lemont, IL (United States)
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lemont, IL (United States); University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lemont, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

We report nonaqueous redox flow batteries are a promising technology for grid-scale energy storage, however, their commercial success relies on identifying redox-active materials that exhibit extreme potentials, high solubilities in all states of charge, and long cycling stabilities. Meeting these requirements has been particularly challenging for molecules capable of storing negative charge. Within this context, tetrazines remain unexplored despite their unique structural properties that enable them to meet some of these challenges. Herein, we prepared symmetric s-tetrazines substituted with methyl, methoxy, and thiomethyl substituents and evaluated their electrochemical properties, solubility, and cycling stability. These studies revealed that highly soluble 3,6-dimethoxy-s-tetrazine undergoes a reversible one-electron reduction to generate a stable (t_1/2 > 1240 h) radical anion. When implemented in a lab-scale symmetric flow cell (0.125 M), it exhibited a relatively slow capacity fade of 8% over 50 cycles (17 h). Given their high solubility and cycling stability, we believe that s-tetrazine derivatives should be further explored for nonaqueous redox flow batteries.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; JCESR

OSTI ID:: 1922385

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1882235

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Vol. 10, Issue 36; ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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