Field-scale fault reactivation experiments by fluid injection highlight aseismic leakage in caprock analogs: Implications for CO2 sequestration

Guglielmi, Yves; Nussbaum, Christophe; Cappa, Frédéric; De Barros, Louis; Rutqvist, Jonny; Birkholzer, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103471

Title: Field-scale fault reactivation experiments by fluid injection highlight aseismic leakage in caprock analogs: Implications for CO₂ sequestration

Journal Article · Sat Sep 25 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103471· OSTI ID:1901775

Guglielmi, Yves ^[1]; Nussbaum, Christophe ^[2];

^[3];

^[1]; Birkholzer, Jens ^[1]

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Federal Office of Topography, St-Ursanne (Switzerland)
Universite Cote d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, Nice (France)

Observations on tens-of-meter scale experiments of fault activation by fluid injection conducted in shales allow exploring how aseismic and seismic events may jeopardize the integrity of a sealing caprock overlying a CO₂ sequestration reservoir. We contrast the behavior of shale faults with another set of experiments conducted in carbonates. Significant fluid leakage occurs along the initially low-permeability shale faults when rupture is activated. Most of the leakage pathway closes when fluid injection ceases and fluid pressure drops. Dilatant slip on the fault plane alone does not explain the observed leakage behavior, which is also caused by fault opening favored by the softness of the shale, and by the structure of the fault zone that prevents fluids from diffusing into the adjacent damage zone. Experiments show a large amount of aseismic deformation. Small-magnitude seismicity (M_w < -2.5) is observed outside the pressurized leakage patch. Stress transferred from this aseismic deformation patch can build up to stress-criticality and favor seismicity. Thus, in terms of fault activation in caprocks, aseismic fault slip leading to increased permeability and a loss of seal integrity is of great concern.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1901775

Journal Information:: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 111; ISSN 1750-5836

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Field-scale fault reactivation experiments by fluid injection highlight aseismic leakage in caprock analogs: Implications for CO2 sequestration

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Title: Field-scale fault reactivation experiments by fluid injection highlight aseismic leakage in caprock analogs: Implications for CO₂ sequestration