A nitrogen- and carbonyl-rich conjugated small-molecule organic cathode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Kuan, Hsuan-Cheng; Luu, Nhu T. H.; Ivanov, Alexander S.; Chen, Teng-Hao; Popovs, Ilja; Lee, Jui-Chin; Kaveevivitchai, Watchareeya

doi:10.1039/d2ta03953b

Title: A nitrogen- and carbonyl-rich conjugated small-molecule organic cathode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Journal Article · Thu Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ta03953b· OSTI ID:1898994

Kuan, Hsuan-Cheng ^[1]; Luu, Nhu T. H. ^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[2]; Lee, Jui-Chin ^[1];

^[1]

National Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan City (Taiwan)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Organic-based cathode materials have attracted considerable attention for sustainable Na-ion batteries due to their great promise to overcome the issues arising from the insertion of large Na⁺ into the rigid structures of conventional transition-metal-containing inorganic electrodes. The structural flexibility as a result of weak intermolecular interactions and simple electron- and ion-storage mechanisms found in organic compounds ensure facile and reversible transport of Na ions. In order to address the general drawbacks of small-molecule organic electrodes such as material dissolution in commonly used organic electrolytes and poor electronic conductivity, we report the use of a nitrogen- and carbonyl-rich highly extended π-conjugated small molecule, hexaazatrianthranylene (HATA) embedded quinone (HATAQ), as a cathode for sodium-ion batteries. The unique hydrogen bonds between highly functionalized conjugated HATAQ molecules allow supramolecular graphite-like 2D layered arrangements in the solid state which help facilitate the structural stability during long-term cycling and promote charge transfer. The compound delivers a capacity as high as 460 mA h g^-1 at 500 mA g^-1 and an excellent capacity retention of 99% (~138 mA h g^-1) after 5000 cycles at an extremely high rate of 60 A g^-1. The reaction kinetics and redox mechanism of the material have been elucidated by several characterization techniques together with density functional theory (DFT) studies. The insights gained in this work could pave the way for ultra-high-performance small-molecule organic cathodes for sustainable energy storage.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Fluid Interface Reactions, Structure and Transport (FIRST); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; MOST 109-2113-M-006-016; MOST 111-2634-F-006-008; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1898994

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1876949

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Vol. 10, Issue 30; ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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