Correlative piezoresponse and micro-Raman imaging of CuInP2S6–In4/3P2S6 flakes unravels phase-specific phononic fingerprint via unsupervised learning

Checa Nualart, Marti; Ivanov, Ilia N.; Neumayer, Sabine M.; Susner, Michael A.; McGuire, Michael A.; Maksymovych, Petro; Collins, Liam

doi:10.1063/5.0101395

Title: Correlative piezoresponse and micro-Raman imaging of CuInP₂S₆–In_4/3P₂S₆ flakes unravels phase-specific phononic fingerprint via unsupervised learning

Journal Article · Mon Aug 08 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Applied Physics Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101395· OSTI ID:1883758

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Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Air Force Research Lab. (AFRL), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH (United States)

Characterizing the novel properties of layered van der Waals materials is key for their application in functional devices. A better understanding of this type of material requires correlative imaging of diverse nanoscale material properties. Within this class of materials, CuInP₂S₆ (CIPS) has received a significant degree of interest due to its ionically mediated room temperature ferroelectricity. Moreover, it is possible to form stable self-assembled heterostructures of ferroelectric CuInP₂S₆ (CIPS) and non-ferroelectric (i.e., lacking Cu) In_4/3P₂S₆ (IPS) phases, by controlling the targeted composition and kinetics of synthesis. In this work, we present a correlative nanometric imaging study of the phononic modes and piezoelectricity of the phase-separated thin heteroepitaxial CIPS/IPS flakes. Here, we show that it is possible to isolate the different phononic modes of the two phases by spatially correlating them with their distinct ferroelectric behavior. The coupling of our experimental data with unsupervised learning statistical methods enables unraveling specific Raman peaks that are characteristic of each chemical phase (CIPS and IPS) present in the composite sample, discarding the less significant ones.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1883758

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1887688

Journal Information:: Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 6; ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
copper indium thiophosphate
piezoresponse force microscopy
Raman Spectroscopy
correlative microscopy
ferroelectrics
unsupervised learning
PCA
k-means

Title: Correlative piezoresponse and micro-Raman imaging of CuInP2S6–In4/3P2S6 flakes unravels phase-specific phononic fingerprint via unsupervised learning

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Title: Correlative piezoresponse and micro-Raman imaging of CuInP₂S₆–In_4/3P₂S₆ flakes unravels phase-specific phononic fingerprint via unsupervised learning