High temperature and pressure regime soot: Physical, optical and chemical signatures from high explosive detonations

Aiken, Allison C.; Huber, Rachel C.; Schmalzer, Andrew M.; Boggs, Mark; Lee, James E.; Gorkowski, Kyle J.; Podlesak, David W.; Dubey, Manvendra K.

doi:10.1080/02786826.2022.2105686

Title: High temperature and pressure regime soot: Physical, optical and chemical signatures from high explosive detonations

Journal Article · Mon Aug 08 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Aerosol Science and Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2022.2105686· OSTI ID:1881828

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Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Submicron particles are formed during the detonation and deflagration of carbon-rich energetic materials known as high explosives (HE) that can be lofted and transported long distances in the atmosphere. Particles include refractory species like soot, a.k.a. black carbon (BC), and have impacts to climate and human health at local, regional, and global scales. Here, we contrast detonation soot aerosol physical, optical and chemical properties that are formed more efficiently in terms of emission factors and ratios with traditional combustion sources from biomass burning and fossil fuels. We utilize ambient aerosol techniques for the first time to identify soot from two well-known HE's (1) Comp B-3: 40% trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 60% 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and (2) PBX 9501: 95% 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoctane (HMX) with 2.5% Estane and a 2.5% mixture of bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)-acetal (BDNPA) and bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)-formal (BDNPF). Size distributions, optical and chemical properties are presented. Aggregate soot had small mobility diameters (<100 nm) and unique optical and chemical signatures depending on the explosive composite composition, detonation atmosphere (e.g., air, argon) and pressure. Single-scattering albedos (SSA) from 0.3 to 0.8 and absorption Angstrom exponents (AAE) from 0.5 to 2.0 measured across 405–870 nm wavelengths depended on the explosive composite composition and detonation conditions. Comp B-3 detonation soot was similar to other combustion soot sources, whereas PBX 9501 soot had high scattering relative to absorption. Carbonaceous chemical signatures included the presence of fullerenes that were distinct from ambient and laboratory-generated soot surrogates and the detection of trace metals, including aluminum, copper, iron, and zinc.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; 20150050DR; 20200035DR

OSTI ID:: 1881828

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-22-23547

Journal Information:: Aerosol Science and Technology, Vol. 56, Issue 10; ISSN 0278-6826

Publisher:: American Association for Aerosol ResearchCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
aerosol
soot
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detonation
optical properties
aerosol chemistry

Title: High temperature and pressure regime soot: Physical, optical and chemical signatures from high explosive detonations

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