Off-spec fly ash-based lightweight aggregate properties and their influence on the fresh, mechanical, and hydration properties of lightweight concrete: A comparative study

Balapour, Mohammad; Khaneghahi, Mohammad H.; Garboczi, Edward J.; Hsuan, Yick G.; Hun, Diana E.; Farnam, Yaghoob

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128013

Title: Off-spec fly ash-based lightweight aggregate properties and their influence on the fresh, mechanical, and hydration properties of lightweight concrete: A comparative study

Journal Article · Fri Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Construction and Building Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128013· OSTI ID:1871867

Balapour, Mohammad ^[1]; Khaneghahi, Mohammad H. ^[2]; Garboczi, Edward J. ^[3]; Hsuan, Yick G. ^[2];

^[4]; Farnam, Yaghoob ^[2]

Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States); SusMaX LLC, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

An off-spec fly ash-based spherical lightweight aggregate (LWA), designated as Spherical Porous Reactive Aggregate (SPoRA), was manufactured through a lab pilot-scale production and its engineering properties, including specific gravity, dry rodded unit weight, water absorption, mechanical performance, and pore structure, were evaluated. Using SPoRA, lightweight concrete (LWC) samples were made and their fresh, mechanical, and hydration properties were assessed and compared with LWC samples made using two commercial LWA available in the US market. The results indicated that fine and coarse SPoRA had 72 h water absorption capacities of 16.4 % and 20.9 %, respectively, which were higher than that of the two commercial LWAs. Higher saturated surface dry specific gravity of SPoRA compared to commercial LWAs led to a higher fresh density for the corresponding LWC. Using X-ray computed tomography, large spherical type pores were observed in SPoRA similar to those in the commercial slate-based LWA. Additionally, the pore size distribution of SPoRA, characterized by a dynamic vapor sorption analyzer, indicated that more than 97 % of the pores had diameters greater than 50 nm. SPoRA’s average bulk crushing strength was 6.8 MPa which was smaller than commercial LWA and was potentially attributed to the differences in manufacturing processes. Nonetheless, SPoRA LWC with 28 days compressive strength of 29 MPa passed the ASTM C330 requirement and had a comparable strength with LWC prepared with the commercial LWAs indicating lesser importance for the LWA strength. SPoRA LWC had a flowability of 5 % compared to LWC prepared with commercial LWAs having flowability of 18 %. This observation was potentially related to the fluxing agent used in the SPoRA production. SPoRA had a 70 % degree of hydration at 12 days which was comparable with that of LWC prepared with commercial LWA.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; PFI-TT1918838

OSTI ID:: 1871867

Journal Information:: Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 342, Issue B; ISSN 0950-0618

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
waste fly ash
lightweight aggregate
pore size distribution
lightweight concrete
x-ray computed tomography
SPoRA

Title: Off-spec fly ash-based lightweight aggregate properties and their influence on the fresh, mechanical, and hydration properties of lightweight concrete: A comparative study

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