Disinfection byproducts formed during drinking water treatment reveal an export control point for dissolved organic matter in a subalpine headwater stream

Leonard, Laura T.; Vanzin, Gary F.; Garayburu-Caruso, Vanessa A.; Lau, Stephanie S.; Beutler, Curtis A.; Newman, Alexander W.; Mitch, William A.; Stegen, James C.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Sharp, Jonathan O.

doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100144

Title: Disinfection byproducts formed during drinking water treatment reveal an export control point for dissolved organic matter in a subalpine headwater stream

Journal Article · Mon Apr 25 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Water Research. X

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100144· OSTI ID:1868353

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^[2];

^[3];

^[4]; Newman, Alexander W. ^[4]; Mitch, William A. ^[3];

^[2]; Williams, Kenneth H. ^[5]; Sharp, Jonathan O. ^[1]

Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Rocky Mountain Biological Lab., Gothic, CO (United States)
Rocky Mountain Biological Lab., Gothic, CO (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Changes in climate, season, and vegetation can alter organic export from watersheds. While an accepted tradeoff to protect public health, disinfection processes during drinking water treatment can adversely react with organic compounds to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs). By extension, DBP monitoring can yield insights into hydrobiogeochemical dynamics within watersheds and their implications for water resource management. In this study, we analyzed temporal trends from a water treatment facility that sources water from Coal Creek in Crested Butte, Colorado. These trends revealed a long-term increase in haloacetic acid and trihalomethane formation over the period of 2005-2020. Disproportionate export of dissolved organic carbon and formation of DBPs that exceeded maximum contaminant levels were consistently recorded in association with late spring freshet. Synoptic sampling of the creek in 2020 and 2021 identified a biogeochemical hotspot for organic carbon export in the upper domain of the watershed that contained a prominent fulvic acid-like fluorescent signature. DBP formation potential analyses from this domain yielded similar ratios of regulated DBP classes to those formed at the drinking water facility. Spectrometric qualitative analyses of pre and post-reacted waters with hypochlorite indicated lignin-like and condensed hydrocarbon-like molecules were the major reactive chemical classes during chlorine-based disinfection. This study demonstrates how drinking water quality archives combined with synoptic sampling and targeted analyses can be used to identify and understand export control points for dissolved organic matter. This approach could be applied to identify and characterize analogous watersheds where seasonal or climate-associated organic matter export challenge water treatment disinfection and by extension inform watershed management and drinking water treatment.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC02-05CH11231; SC0016451

OSTI ID:: 1868353

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1894083

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-166386

Journal Information:: Water Research. X, Vol. 15; ISSN 2589-9147

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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