Sizes of pure and doped helium droplets from single shot x-ray imaging

Tanyag, Rico P.; Bacellar, Camila; Pang, Weiwu; Bernando, Charles; Gomez, Luis F.; Jones, Curtis F.; Ferguson, Ken R.; Kwok, Justin; Anielski, Denis; Belkacem, Ali; Boll, Rebecca; Bozek, John; Carron, Sebastian; Chen, Gang; Delmas, Tjark; Englert, Lars; Epp, Sascha W.; Erk, Benjamin; Foucar, Lutz; Hartmann, Robert; Hexemer, Alexander; Huth, Martin; Leone, Stephen R.; Ma, Jonathan H.; Marchesini, Stefano; Neumark, Daniel M.; Poon, Billy K.; Prell, James; Rolles, Daniel; Rudek, Benedikt; Rudenko, Artem; Seifrid, Martin; Swiggers, Michele; Ullrich, Joachim; Weise, Fabian; Zwart, Petrus; Bostedt, Christoph; Gessner, Oliver; Vilesov, Andrey F.

doi:10.1063/5.0080342

Title: Sizes of pure and doped helium droplets from single shot x-ray imaging

Journal Article · Fri Jan 07 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Journal of Chemical Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0080342· OSTI ID:1867434

^[1];

^[2]; Pang, Weiwu ^[3]; Bernando, Charles ^[4]; Gomez, Luis F. ^[3];

^[5]; Ferguson, Ken R. ^[6]; Kwok, Justin ^[7]; Anielski, Denis ^[8]; Belkacem, Ali ^[9];

^[10];

^[6]; Carron, Sebastian ^[6];

^[11]; Delmas, Tjark ^[12]; Englert, Lars ^[13];

^[14];

^[15]; Foucar, Lutz ^[16];

^[17] more »

Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Aarhus Univ. (Denmark)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)
Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); BINUS Univ., Jakarta (Indonesia)
Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Queensbury, NY (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Max-Planck-Inst. für Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Max-Planck-Inst. für Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany); European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); ShanghaiTech Univ. (China)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
Max-Planck-Inst. für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching (Germany); Carl von Ossietzky Univ. Oldenburg (Germany)
Max-Planck-Inst. für Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany); Max-Planck-Inst. für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, Hamburg (Germany)
Max-Planck-Inst. für Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
Max-Planck-Inst. für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg (Germany)
PNSensor GmbH, München (Germany)
PNSensor GmbH, München (Germany); PNDetector GmbH, München (Germany)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Max-Planck-Inst. für Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany); Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)
Max-Planck-Inst. für Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany); VA Medical Center, Boston, MA (United States)
Max-Planck-Inst. für Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig (Germany)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); PNDetector GmbH, München (Germany)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland); Ecole Polytechnique Fèdèrale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne (Switzerland)

Advancements in x-ray free-electron lasers on producing ultrashort, ultrabright, and coherent x-ray pulses enable single-shot imaging of fragile nanostructures, such as superfluid helium droplets. Furthermore, this imaging technique gives unique access to the sizes and shapes of individual droplets. In the past, such droplet characteristics have only been indirectly inferred by ensemble averaging techniques. Here, we report on the size distributions of both pure and doped droplets collected from single-shot x-ray imaging and produced from the free-jet expansion of helium through a 5 μm diameter nozzle at 20 bars and nozzle temperatures ranging from 4.2 to 9 K. This work extends the measurement of large helium nanodroplets containing 10⁹–10¹¹ atoms, which are shown to follow an exponential size distribution. Additionally, we demonstrate that the size distributions of the doped droplets follow those of the pure droplets at the same stagnation condition but with smaller average sizes.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division; National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-06CH11357; AC02-76SF00515; FG02-86ER13491

OSTI ID:: 1867434

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1842889

Journal Information:: Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 156, Issue 4; ISSN 0021-9606

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Sizes of pure and doped helium droplets from single shot x-ray imaging

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