Rerouting of the lignin biosynthetic pathway by inhibition of cytosolic shikimate recycling in transgenic hybrid aspen

Hu, Shi; Kamimura, Naofumi; Sakamoto, Shingo; Nagano, Soichiro; Takata, Naoki; Liu, Sarah; Goeminne, Geert; Vanholme, Ruben; Uesugi, Mikiko; Yamamoto, Masanobu; Hishiyama, Shojiro; Kim, Hoon; Boerjan, Wout; Ralph, John; Masai, Eiji; Mitsuda, Nobutaka; Kajita, Shinya

doi:10.1111/tpj.15674

Title: Rerouting of the lignin biosynthetic pathway by inhibition of cytosolic shikimate recycling in transgenic hybrid aspen

Journal Article · Wed Jan 19 00:00:00 EST 2022 · The Plant Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15674· OSTI ID:1846175

^[1]; Kamimura, Naofumi ^[2]; Sakamoto, Shingo ^[3]; Nagano, Soichiro ^[4];

^[4]; Liu, Sarah ^[5]; Goeminne, Geert ^[6]; Vanholme, Ruben ^[6]; Uesugi, Mikiko ^[1]; Yamamoto, Masanobu ^[1]; Hishiyama, Shojiro ^[4]; Kim, Hoon ^[5]; Boerjan, Wout ^[6]; Ralph, John ^[5]; Masai, Eiji ^[2]; Mitsuda, Nobutaka ^[3];

^[1]

Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology (Japan)
Nagaoka Univ. of Technology (Japan)
National Inst. of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba (Japan)
Forest Research and Management Organization, Ibaraki (Japan)
Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Madison, WI (United States)
Ghent Univ. (Belgium); VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent (Belgium)

SUMMARY Lignin is a phenolic polymer deposited in the plant cell wall, and is mainly polymerized from three canonical monomers (monolignols), i.e. p ‐coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. After polymerization, these alcohols form different lignin substructures. In dicotyledons, monolignols are biosynthesized from phenylalanine, an aromatic amino acid. Shikimate acts at two positions in the route to the lignin building blocks. It is part of the shikimate pathway that provides the precursor for the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, and is involved in the transesterification of p ‐coumaroyl‐CoA to p ‐coumaroyl shikimate, one of the key steps in the biosynthesis of coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. The shikimate residue in p ‐coumaroyl shikimate is released in later steps, and the resulting shikimate becomes available again for the biosynthesis of new p ‐coumaroyl shikimate molecules. In this study, we inhibited cytosolic shikimate recycling in transgenic hybrid aspen by accelerated phosphorylation of shikimate in the cytosol through expression of a bacterial shikimate kinase (SK). This expression elicited an increase in p ‐hydroxyphenyl units of lignin and, by contrast, a decrease in guaiacyl and syringyl units. Transgenic plants with high SK activity produced a lignin content comparable to that in wild‐type plants, and had an increased processability via enzymatic saccharification. Although expression of many genes was altered in the transgenic plants, elevated SK activity did not exert a significant effect on the expression of the majority of genes responsible for lignin biosynthesis. The present results indicate that cytosolic shikimate recycling is crucial to the monomeric composition of lignin rather than for lignin content.

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Research Organization:: Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Japan Science and Technology Agency

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018409; JPMJAL1107

OSTI ID:: 1846175

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1854981

Journal Information:: The Plant Journal, Vol. 110, Issue 2; ISSN 0960-7412

Publisher:: Society for Experimental BiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
heterologous expression
lignocellulose
metabolome
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shikimate pathway
saccharification efficiency

Title: Rerouting of the lignin biosynthetic pathway by inhibition of cytosolic shikimate recycling in transgenic hybrid aspen

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