Weyl, Dirac and high-fold chiral fermions in topological quantum matter

Hasan, M. Zahid; Chang, Guoqing; Belopolski, Ilya; Bian, Guang; Xu, Su-Yang; Yin, Jia-Xin

doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00301-3

Title: Weyl, Dirac and high-fold chiral fermions in topological quantum matter

Journal Article · Mon Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Nature Reviews. Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00301-3· OSTI ID:1839934

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^[2]; Belopolski, Ilya ^[3]; Bian, Guang ^[4];

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^[3]

Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Lab. for Topological Quantum Matter and Advanced Spectroscopy (B7); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Lab. for Topological Quantum Matter and Advanced Spectroscopy (B7); Nanyang Technological Univ. (Singapore)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Lab. for Topological Quantum Matter and Advanced Spectroscopy (B7)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Lab. for Topological Quantum Matter and Advanced Spectroscopy (B7); Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Lab. for Topological Quantum Matter and Advanced Spectroscopy (B7); Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)

Quantum materials hosting Weyl fermions have opened a new era of research in condensed matter physics. First proposed in 1929 in the context of particle physics, Weyl fermions have yet to be observed as elementary particles. In 2015, Weyl fermions were detected as collective electronic excitations in the strong spin–orbit coupled material tantalum arsenide, TaAs. This discovery was followed by a flurry of experimental and theoretical explorations of Weyl phenomena in materials. Weyl materials naturally lend themselves to the exploration of the topological index associated with Weyl fermions and their divergent Berry curvature field, as well as the topological bulk–boundary correspondence, giving rise to protected conducting surface states. Here, we review the broader class of Weyl topological phenomena in materials, starting with the observation of emergent Weyl fermions in the bulk and Fermi arc states on the surface of the TaAs family of crystals by photoemission spectroscopy. We then discuss several exotic optical and magnetic responses observed in these materials, as well as progress in developing related chiral materials. We discuss the conceptual development of high-fold chiral fermions, which generalize Weyl fermions, and we review the observation of high-fold chiral fermion phases by taking the rhodium silicide, RhSi, family of crystals as a prime example. Lastly, we discuss recent advances in Weyl line phases in magnetic topological materials. With this Review, we aim to provide an introduction to the basic concepts underlying Weyl physics in condensed matter, and to representative materials and their electronic structures and topology as revealed by spectroscopic studies. Finally, we hope this work serves as a guide for future theoretical and experimental explorations of chiral fermions and related topological quantum systems with potentially enhanced functionalities.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1839934

Journal Information:: Nature Reviews. Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 9; ISSN 2058-8437

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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