Micrometre-scale single-crystalline borophene on a square-lattice Cu(100) surface

Wu, Rongting; Eltinge, Stephen; Drozdov, Ilya K.; Gozar, Adrian; Zahl, Percy; Sadowski, Jerzy T.; Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab; Božović, Ivan

doi:10.1038/s41557-021-00879-9

Title: Micrometre-scale single-crystalline borophene on a square-lattice Cu(100) surface

Journal Article · Mon Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Nature Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00879-9· OSTI ID:1839210

^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[3];

^[2];

^[5]

Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States). Energy Sciences Inst.
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States). Energy Sciences Inst.; Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States). Energy Sciences Inst.; Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Borophene, a crystalline monolayer boron sheet, is a new two-dimensional (2D) quantum material, predicted to feature tunable structure, intriguing physics and to find applications in flexible electronics, energy storage and catalysis. Nanoscale borophene flakes have been synthesized on noble-metal surfaces, but for device fabrication, one needs large single-crystal domains. In this work, we report the synthesis of borophene on a square lattice Cu(100) surface and show that incommensurate coordinations could reduce the borophene-substrate interactions and alter the borophene structures in interesting ways. Micrometer-scale single-crystal domains can form as isolated faceted islands or merge together to achieve full monolayer coverage. We have discovered a new crystal structure of borophene, with ten boron atoms and two hexagonal vacancies in the unit cell. First-principle calculations indicate that charge transfer rather than covalent bonding binds 2D boron to the copper surface, and confirm its integrity and uniformity The electronic band structure features multiple anisotropic tilted Dirac cones, heralding emergent quantum fermions.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; GBMF9074; DGE-1752134; ACI-1548562

OSTI ID:: 1839210

Report Number(s):: BNL-222571-2021-JAAM; TRN: US2301061

Journal Information:: Nature Chemistry, Vol. 14, Issue 4; ISSN 1755-4330

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (44)

Open source scanning probe microscopy control software package GXSM Zahl, Percy; Wagner, Thorsten; Möller, Rolf Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 28, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.3374719	journal	May 2010
Can Two-Dimensional Boron Superconduct? Penev, Evgeni S.; Kutana, Alex; Yakobson, Boris I. Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00070	journal	March 2016
Discovery of 2D Anisotropic Dirac Cones Feng, Baojie; Zhang, Jin; Ito, Suguru Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201704025	journal	November 2017
Self-doping in boron sheets from first principles: A route to structural design of metal boride nanostructures Tang, Hui; Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.134113	journal	October 2009
Borophene-graphene heterostructures Liu, Xiaolong; Hersam, Mark C. Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax6444	journal	October 2019
Buckled Silicene Formation on Ir(111) Meng, Lei; Wang, Yeliang; Zhang, Lizhi Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 2, p. 685-690 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl304347w	journal	January 2013
Germanene: a novel two-dimensional germanium allotrope akin to graphene and silicene Dávila, M. E.; Xian, L.; Cahangirov, S. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/16/9/095002	journal	September 2014
Type-II Weyl semimetals Soluyanov, Alexey A.; Gresch, Dominik; Wang, Zhijun Nature, Vol. 527, Issue 7579 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15768	journal	November 2015
Theory and Application for the Scanning Tunneling Microscope Tersoff, J.; Hamann, D. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 50, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.1998	journal	June 1983
Graphene-Nanodiamond Heterostructures and their application to High Current Devices Zhao, Fang; Vrajitoarea, Andrei; Jiang, Qi Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13771	journal	September 2015
Experimental realization of two-dimensional boron sheets Feng, Baojie; Zhang, Jin; Zhong, Qing Nature Chemistry, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2491	journal	March 2016
Black hole and hawking radiation by type-II Weyl fermions Volovik, G. E. JETP Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364016210050	journal	November 2016
Evidence of Silicene in Honeycomb Structures of Silicon on Ag(111) Feng, Baojie; Ding, Zijing; Meng, Sheng Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 7, p. 3507-3511 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl301047g	journal	June 2012
Large-area borophene sheets on sacrificial Cu(111) films promoted by recrystallization from subsurface boron Wu, Rongting; Gozar, Adrian; Božović, Ivan npj Quantum Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-019-0181-0	journal	August 2019
Two-Dimensional Boron Crystals: Structural Stability, Tunable Properties, Fabrications and Applications Sun, Xu; Liu, Xiaofei; Yin, Jun Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201603300	journal	November 2016
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films Novoselov, K. S. Science, Vol. 306, Issue 5696, p. 666-669 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896	journal	October 2004
QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials Giannozzi, Paolo; Baroni, Stefano; Bonini, Nicola Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 21, Issue 39, Article No. 395502 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/39/395502	journal	September 2009
Polyphony in B flat Zhang, Zhuhua; Penev, Evgeni S.; Yakobson, Boris I. Nature Chemistry, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2521	journal	April 2016
Mechanism of high-resolution STM/AFM imaging with functionalized tips Hapala, Prokop; Kichin, Georgy; Wagner, Christian Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.085421	journal	August 2014
Epitaxial growth of ultraflat stanene with topological band inversion Deng, Jialiang; Xia, Bingyu; Ma, Xiaochuan Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0203-5	journal	November 2018
Novel Precursors for Boron Nanotubes: The Competition of Two-Center and Three-Center Bonding in Boron Sheets Tang, Hui; Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.115501	journal	September 2007
Dirac Fermions in Borophene Feng, Baojie; Sugino, Osamu; Liu, Ro-Ya Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.096401	journal	March 2017
Prediction of phonon-mediated superconductivity in borophene Gao, Miao; Li, Qi-Zhi; Yan, Xun-Wang Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.024505	journal	January 2017
Self-assembly of electronically abrupt borophene/organic lateral heterostructures Liu, Xiaolong; Wei, Zonghui; Balla, Itamar Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602356	journal	February 2017
Band Structure Perfection and Superconductivity in Type‐II Dirac Semimetal Ir ₁₋ _x Pt _x Te ₂ Fei, Fucong; Bo, Xiangyan; Wang, Pengdong Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201801556	journal	July 2018
Intermixing and periodic self-assembly of borophene line defects Liu, Xiaolong; Zhang, Zhuhua; Wang, Luqing Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0134-1	journal	July 2018
Buckled Germanene Formation on Pt(111) Li, Linfei; Lu, Shuang-zan; Pan, Jinbo Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400909	journal	May 2014
Polymorphism of Two-Dimensional Boron Penev, Evgeni S.; Bhowmick, Somnath; Sadrzadeh, Arta Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl3004754	journal	April 2012
Toward the Realization of 2D Borophene Based Gas Sensor Shukla, Vivekanand; Wärnå, John; Jena, Naresh K. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b09552	journal	November 2017
The flexible and modern open source scanning probe microscopy software package GXSM Zahl, Percy; Bierkandt, Markus; Schröder, Stefan Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 74, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1540718	journal	March 2003
Borophene: A promising anode material offering high specific capacity and high rate capability for lithium-ion batteries Jiang, H. R.; Lu, Ziheng; Wu, M. C. Nano Energy, Vol. 23 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.03.013	journal	May 2016
High-speed force sensor for force microscopy and profilometry utilizing a quartz tuning fork Giessibl, Franz J. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 73, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.122948	journal	December 1998
Black-hole horizon in the Dirac semimetal ${Zn}_{2} {In}_{2} S_{5}$ Huang, Huaqing; Jin, Kyung-Hwan; Liu, Feng Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.121110	journal	September 2018
Tunneling matrix elements in three-dimensional space: The derivative rule and the sum rule Chen, C. Julian Physical Review B, Vol. 42, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.42.8841	journal	November 1990
Dirac Cones and Nodal Line in Borophene Gupta, Sunny; Kutana, Alex; Yakobson, Boris I. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00640	journal	May 2018
Synthesis of borophenes: Anisotropic, two-dimensional boron polymorphs Mannix, A. J.; Zhou, X. -F.; Kiraly, B. Science, Vol. 350, Issue 6267 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad1080	journal	December 2015
Large-area single-crystal sheets of borophene on Cu(111) surfaces Wu, Rongting; Drozdov, Ilya K.; Eltinge, Stephen Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0317-6	journal	December 2018
Effects of m ≠0 tip states in scanning tunneling microscopy: The explanations of corrugation reversal Chen, C. Julian Physical Review Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1656	journal	September 1992
Elasticity, Flexibility, and Ideal Strength of Borophenes Zhang, Zhuhua; Yang, Yang; Penev, Evgeni S. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201605059	journal	January 2017
Epitaxial growth of two-dimensional stanene Zhu, Feng-feng; Chen, Wei-jiong; Xu, Yong Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4384	journal	August 2015
Probing the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Boron by First-Principles Computations Liu, Yuanyue; Penev, Evgeni S.; Yakobson, Boris I. Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 125, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201207972	journal	January 2013
Bias dependence of apparent layer thickness and Moiré pattern on NaCl/Cu(001) Guo, Qinmin; Qin, Zhihui; Liu, Cunding Surface Science, Vol. 604, Issue 19-20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2010.07.013	journal	September 2010
High-Resolution Molecular Orbital Imaging Using a $p$ -Wave STM Tip Gross, Leo; Moll, Nikolaj; Mohn, Fabian Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.086101	journal	August 2011
Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V. Nature, Vol. 438, Issue 7065, p. 197-200 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04233	journal	November 2005

Similar Records

Energetic Stability of Freestanding and Metal-Supported Borophenes: Quantum Monte Carlo and Density-Functional Theory Calculations

Journal Article · Thu Nov 05 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C · OSTI ID:1839210

Ahn, Jeonghwan; Hong, Iuegyun; Lee, Gwangyoung; +3 more

Large-area borophene sheets on sacrificial Cu(111) films promoted by recrystallization from subsurface boron

Journal Article · Fri Aug 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · npj Quantum Materials · OSTI ID:1839210

Wu, Rongting; Gozar, Adrian; Božović, Ivan

Large-Scale Layer-by-Layer Synthesis of Borophene on Ru(0001)

Journal Article · Fri Nov 05 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Chemistry of Materials · OSTI ID:1839210

Sutter, Peter; Sutter, Eli

Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
Materials chemistry
Solid-phase synthesis

Title: Micrometre-scale single-crystalline borophene on a square-lattice Cu(100) surface

Citation Formats

References (44)

Similar Records

Related Subjects