Quantifying particle-scale 3D granular dynamics during rapid compaction from time-resolved in situ 2D x-ray images
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- Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States); Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States). Hopkins Extreme Materials Inst.
Understanding the particle-scale dynamics of granular materials during rapid compaction and flow is of fundamental importance for manufacturing, planetary science, geology, and defense applications. Time-resolved 2D radiography and static 3D x-ray tomography are powerful in situ tools for studying particle-scale dynamics but provide detail only in 2D or with significant time-scale limitations, respectively. Here, we introduce a new method that uses 2D in situ x-ray imaging for determining time-resolved 3D particle-scale dynamics in rapidly compressed granular materials. The method employs initial particle packing structures obtained from x-ray tomography, a 2D x-ray image generation algorithm, and an optimization algorithm. We first describe and validate the method using finite element simulations. Furthermore, we then apply the technique to x-ray phase-contrast images obtained during rapid compaction of granular materials with varying particle morphology and sample thickness. The depth-resolved particle-scale dynamics reveal complex velocity and porosity fields evolving heterogeneously along and perpendicular to the compaction direction. We characterize these features, their fluctuations near the compaction front, and the compaction front thickness. Our technique can be applied to understanding granular dynamics during rapid compaction events, and rearrangements during slower, but non-quasi-static, flows.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; AC02-06CH11357; DEAC02- 06CH11357
- OSTI ID:
- 1825860
- Alternate ID(s):
- OSTI ID: 1787408
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-819523; 1030248; TRN: US2216027
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 129, Issue 22; ISSN 0021-8979
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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