Gravitational Lensing Formalism in a Curved Arc Basis: A Continuous Description of Observables and Degeneracies from the Weak to the Strong Lensing Regime

Birrer, Simon

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1108

Title: Gravitational Lensing Formalism in a Curved Arc Basis: A Continuous Description of Observables and Degeneracies from the Weak to the Strong Lensing Regime

Journal Article · Wed Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1108· OSTI ID:1822443

^[1]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Gravitationally lensed curved arcs provide a wealth of information about the underlying lensing distortions. Extracting precise lensing information from extended sources is a key component in many studies aiming to answer fundamental questions about the universe. To maintain accuracy with increased precision, it is of vital importance to characterize and understand the impact of degeneracies inherent in lensing observables. In this work, we present a formalism to describe the gravitational lensing distortion effects resulting in curved extended arcs based on the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the local lensing Jacobian and their directional differentials. We identify a nonlocal and nonlinear extended deflector basis that inherits these local properties. Our parameterization is tightly linked to observable features in extended sources and allows one to accurately extract the lensing information of extended images without imposing an explicit global deflector model. We quantify what degeneracies can be broken based on specific assumptions about the local lensing nature and assumed intrinsic source shape. Our formalism is applicable from the weak linear regime to the semi-linear regime and all the way up to the highly nonlinear regime of highly magnified arcs of multiple images. Furthermore, the methodology and implementation presented in this work provides a framework to assessing systematics, to guide inference efforts in the right choices in complexity based on the data at hand, and to quantify the lensing information extracted in a model-independent way

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1822443

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 919, Issue 1; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Gravitational Lensing Formalism in a Curved Arc Basis: A Continuous Description of Observables and Degeneracies from the Weak to the Strong Lensing Regime

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