Uranium nitride (UN) pellets with controllable microstructure and phase – fabrication by spark plasma sintering and their thermal-mechanical and oxidation properties

Yang, Kun; Kardoulaki, Erofili; Zhao, Dong; Gong, Bowen; Broussard, Andre; Metzger, Kathryn; White, Joshua Taylor; Sivack, Michael; Mcclellan, Kenneth James; Lahoda, Edward J.; Lian, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153272

Title: Uranium nitride (UN) pellets with controllable microstructure and phase – fabrication by spark plasma sintering and their thermal-mechanical and oxidation properties

Journal Article · Sat Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Nuclear Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153272· OSTI ID:1819162

Yang, Kun ^[1];

^[2]; Zhao, Dong ^[1]; Gong, Bowen ^[1]; Broussard, Andre ^[1]; Metzger, Kathryn ^[3];

^[2]; Sivack, Michael ^[3];

^[2]; Lahoda, Edward J. ^[3]; Lian, Jie ^[1]

Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, Cranberry Township, PA (United States)

Dense uranium mononitride (UN) pellets with controlled microstructures and tailored grain size from large-grained to a few microns are synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) combined with high energy ball milling. The impacts of the sintering conditions on fuel microstructure, grain size, physical density, and phase behavior are systematically investigated, and the thermal-mechanical properties and oxidation behavior of the SPS densified UN pellets are characterized. Higher sintering temperatures and longer ball milling durations and thus finer starting UN powders promote sintering and densification, and dense UN pellets above 95% theoretical density can be achieved by SPS at 1873 K for 10 min. UN phase purity is maintained in the SPS-densified pellets sintered at a lower temperature and short duration. A phase heterogeneity with secondary UO₂ or uranium sesquinitride (U₂N₃) occurs for the UN pellets sintered at higher temperatures using finer UN powders. The hardness and fracture toughness of the SPS-densified UN pellets increase with smaller grain sizes and higher densities to 7.9 GPa and 3.5 MPa m^1/2, respectively. Furthermore, both small (1–2 μm) and large grain-sized (30–50 µm) UN pellets exhibit good thermal conductivity. Dynamic oxidation testing by a thermogravimetric analyzer in air shows that the onset temperature for oxidation varies with microstructure and phase heterogeneity of the SPS densified UN pellets. Particularly, the smaller-grained (micron-sized) UN pellets containing uranium oxides and U₂N₃ display lower weight gain and significantly-reduced oxidation kinetics, and full oxidation completes at a temperature above 1173 K when tested with a ramp rate of 10 K/min.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; NE0008947; NE0008824

OSTI ID:: 1819162

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-21-25305; TRN: US2214609

Journal Information:: Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 557; ISSN 0022-3115

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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