Investigation of the background in coherent J/ψ production at the EIC

Chang, Wan; Aschenauer, Elke-Caroline; Baker, Mark D.; Jentsch, Alexander; Lee, Jeong-Hun; Tu, Zhoudunming; Yin, Zhongbao; Zheng, Liang

doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.114030

Title: Investigation of the background in coherent J/ψ production at the EIC

Journal Article · Mon Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Physical Review D

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.104.114030· OSTI ID:1813340

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^[2]; Baker, Mark D. ^[3]; Jentsch, Alexander ^[2]; Lee, Jeong-Hun ^[2];

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Central China Normal University, Wuhan (China); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Mark D. Baker Physics and Detector Simulations LLC, Miller Place, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, NY (United States)
Central China Normal University, Wuhan (China)
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (CUG), (China)

Understanding various fundamental properties of nucleons and nuclei is among the most important scientific goals at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). With the unprecedented opportunity provided by the next-generation machine, the EIC might provide definitive answers to many standing puzzles and open questions in modern nuclear physics. We investigate one of the golden measurements proposed at the EIC, which is to obtain the spatial gluon density distribution within a lead (Pb) nucleus. The proposed experimental process is the exclusive J/ψ vector-meson production off the Pb nucleus: e + Pb → e' + J/ψ + Pb'. The Fourier transformation of the momentum transfer |t| distribution of the coherent diffraction is the transverse gluon spatial distribution. In order to measure it, the experiment has to overcome an overwhelmingly large background arising from the incoherent diffractive production, where the nucleus Pb' mostly breaks up into fragments of particles in the far-forward direction close to the hadron-going beam rapidity. We systematically study the rejection of incoherent J/ψ production by vetoing products from these nuclear breakups—protons, neutrons, and photons—which is based on the BeAGLE event generator and the most up-to-date EIC Far-forward Interaction Region design. The achieved vetoing efficiency, the ratio between the numbers of vetoed events and total incoherent events, ranges from about 80% to 99% depending on |t|. Assuming a 5% smearing applied to the reconstructed |t| resolution in the Sar t re model, this vetoing efficiency can suppress the incoherent background to at least the first minimum of the coherent |t| distribution. Experimental and accelerator machine challenges as well as potential improvements are discussed herein.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1813340

Report Number(s):: BNL-221991-2021-JAAM; TRN: US2213324

Journal Information:: Physical Review D, Vol. 104, Issue 11; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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