FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands

Delwiche, Kyle B.; Knox, Sara Helen; Malhotra, Avni; Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne; McNicol, Gavin; Feron, Sarah; Ouyang, Zutao; Papale, Dario; Trotta, Carlo; Canfora, Eleonora; Cheah, You-Wei; Christianson, Danielle; Alberto, Ma. R.; Alekseychik, Pavel; Aurela, Mika; Baldocchi, Dennis; Bansal, Sheel; Billesbach, David P.; Bohrer, Gil; Bracho, Rosvel; Buchmann, Nina; Campbell, David I.; Celis, Gerardo; Chen, Jiquan; Chen, Weinan; Chu, Housen; Dalmagro, Higo J.; Dengel, Sigrid; Desai, Ankur R.; Detto, Matteo; Dolman, Han; Eichelmann, Elke; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Famulari, Daniela; Fuchs, Kathrin; Goeckede, Mathias; Gogo, Sébastien; Gondwe, Mangaliso J.; Goodrich, Jordan P.; Gottschalk, Pia; Graham, Scott L.; Heimann, Martin; Helbig, Manuel; Helfter, Carole; Hemes, Kyle S.; Hirano, Takashi; Hollinger, David; Hörtnagl, Lukas; Iwata, Hiroki; Jacotot, Adrien; Jurasinski, Gerald; Kang, Minseok; Kasak, Kuno; King, John; Klatt, Janina; Koebsch, Franziska; Krauss, Ken W.; Lai, Derrick F.; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan; Belelli Marchesini, Luca; Manca, Giovanni; Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala; Maximov, Trofim; Merbold, Lutz; Mitra, Bhaskar; Morin, Timothy H.; Nemitz, Eiko; Nilsson, Mats B.; Niu, Shuli; Oechel, Walter C.; Oikawa, Patricia Y.; Ono, Keisuke; Peichl, Matthias; Peltola, Olli; Reba, Michele L.; Richardson, Andrew D.; Riley, William; Runkle, Benjamin K.; Ryu, Youngryel; Sachs, Torsten; Sakabe, Ayaka; Sanchez, Camilo Rey; Schuur, Edward A.; Schäfer, Karina R.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Sparks, Jed P.; Stuart-Haëntjens, Ellen; Sturtevant, Cove; Sullivan, Ryan C.; Szutu, Daphne J.; Thom, Jonathan E.; Torn, Margaret S.; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Turner, Jessica; Ueyama, Masahito; Valach, Alex C.; Vargas, Rodrigo; Varlagin, Andrej; Vazquez-Lule, Alma; Verfaillie, Joseph G.; Vesala, Timo; Vourlitis, George L.; Ward, Eric J.; Wille, Christian; Wohlfahrt, Georg; Wong, Guan Xhuan; Zhang, Zhen; Zona, Donatella; Windham-Myers, Lisamarie; Poulter, Benjamin; Jackson, Robert B.

doi:10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021

Title: FLUXNET-CH₄: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands

Journal Article · Thu Jul 29 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Earth System Science Data (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021· OSTI ID:1813306

;

; Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne;

; Feron, Sarah; Ouyang, Zutao;

;

; Canfora, Eleonora; Cheah, You-Wei; Christianson, Danielle; Alberto, Ma. R.; Alekseychik, Pavel;

;

; Billesbach, David P.;

;

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20° S to 20° N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); KAKENHI; European Union, Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

Contributing Organization:: The Global Carbon Project; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; AC02-05CH11231; SC7079856

OSTI ID:: 1813306

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1820336; OSTI ID: 1837081

Journal Information:: Earth System Science Data (Online), Vol. 13, Issue 7; ISSN 1866-3516

Publisher:: Copernicus PublicationsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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FLUXNET-CH4 US-Ivo Ivotuk Zona, Donatella; Oechel, Walter FluxNet; San Diego State University https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669679	dataset	January 2020
Long-Term Drainage Reduces CO ₂ Uptake and CH ₄ Emissions in a Siberian Permafrost Ecosystem : Drainage impact on Arctic carbon cycle Kittler, Fanny; Heimann, Martin; Kolle, Olaf Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 31, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005774	journal	December 2017
Year-round simulated methane emissions from a permafrost ecosystem in Northeast Siberia Castro-Morales, Karel; Kleinen, Thomas; Kaiser, Sonja Biogeosciences, Vol. 15, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2691-2018	journal	January 2018
FLUXNET-CH4 US-BZS Bonanza Creek Black Spruce Euskirchen, Eugenie; Edgar, Colin FluxNet https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669670	dataset	January 2020
Freshwater Methane Emissions Offset the Continental Carbon Sink Bastviken, D.; Tranvik, L. J.; Downing, J. A. Science, Vol. 331, Issue 6013 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196808	journal	January 2011
The spatial and temporal relationships between CO2 and CH4 exchange in a temperate ombrotrophic bog Lai, Derrick Y. F.; Roulet, Nigel T.; Moore, Tim R. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 89 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.034	journal	June 2014
Short-Term Response of Carbon Cycling to Salinity Pulses in a Freshwater Wetland Chambers, Lisa G.; Reddy, K. Ramesh; Osborne, Todd Z. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 75, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0026	journal	January 2011
Nongrowing season methane emissions-a significant component of annual emissions across northern ecosystems Treat, Claire C.; Bloom, A. Anthony; Marushchak, Maija E. Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14137	journal	April 2018
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of geochemical controls on carbon cycling in a tidal salt marsh Seyfferth, Angelia L.; Bothfeld, Frances; Vargas, Rodrigo Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 282 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.05.013	journal	August 2020
Environmental and physical controls on northern terrestrial methane emissions across permafrost zones Olefeldt, David; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Crill, Patrick M. Global Change Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12071	journal	November 2012
FLUXNET-CH4 US-A10 ARM-NSA-Barrow Billesbach, Dave; Sullivan, Ryan FluxNet; Argonne National Laboratory https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669662	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Atq Atqasuk Zona, Donatella; Oechel, Walter FluxNet; San Diego State University https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669663	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Beo Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) tower Zona, Donatella; Oechel, Walter FluxNet; San Diego State University https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669664	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Bi1 Bouldin Island Alfalfa Rey-Sanchez, Camilo; Szutu, Daphne; Shortt, Robert FluxNet; University of California, Berkeley https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669666	dataset	January 2020
New analysis reveals representativeness of the AmeriFlux network Hargrove, William W.; Hoffman, Forrest M.; Law, Beverly E. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 84, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003EO480001	journal	January 2003
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Twt Twitchell Island Knox, Sara; Matthes, Jaclyn; Verfaillie, Joseph FluxNet; University of California, Berkeley https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669700	dataset	January 2020
Basic and extensible post-processing of eddy covariance flux data with REddyProc Wutzler, Thomas; Lucas-Moffat, Antje; Migliavacca, Mirco Biogeosciences, Vol. 15, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5015-2018	journal	January 2018
FLUXNET-CH4 US-BZB Bonanza Creek Thermokarst Bog Euskirchen, Eugenie; Edgar, Colin FluxNet https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669668	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Uaf University of Alaska, Fairbanks Iwata, Hiroki; Ueyama, Masahito; Harazono, Yoshinobu FluxNet; Osaka Prefecture University; Shinshu University https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669701	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-BZF Bonanza Creek Rich Fen Euskirchen, Eugenie; Edgar, Colin FluxNet https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669669	dataset	January 2020
A method to estimate the additional uncertainty in gap-filled NEE resulting from long gaps in the CO2 flux record Richardson, Andrew D.; Hollinger, David Y. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 147, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.06.004	journal	December 2007
Agricultural peatland restoration: effects of land-use change on greenhouse gas (CO ₂ and CH ₄ ) fluxes in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Knox, Sara Helen; Sturtevant, Cove; Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12745	journal	October 2014
Plants, microorganisms, and soil temperatures contribute to a decrease in methane fluxes on a drained Arctic floodplain Kwon, Min Jung; Beulig, Felix; Ilie, Iulia Global Change Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13558	journal	November 2016
Controls for multi-scale temporal variation in ecosystem methane exchange during the growing season of a permanently inundated fen Koebsch, Franziska; Jurasinski, Gerald; Koch, Marian Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 204 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.02.002	journal	May 2015
lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models Kuznetsova, Alexandra; Brockhoff, Per B.; Christensen, Rune H. B. Journal of Statistical Software, Vol. 82, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v082.i13	journal	January 2017
Predicting into unknown space? Estimating the area of applicability of spatial prediction models Meyer, Hanna; Pebesma, Edzer Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13650	journal	July 2021
FLUXNET-CH4 US-A03 ARM-AMF3-Oliktok Billesbach, Dave; Sullivan, Ryan FluxNet; Argonne National Laboratory https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669661	dataset	January 2020
Quantifying the impact of emission outbursts and non-stationary flow on eddy-covariance CH₄ flux measurements using wavelet techniques Göckede, Mathias; Kittler, Fanny; Schaller, Carsten Biogeosciences, Vol. 16, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3113-2019	journal	January 2019
A multi-site analysis of random error in tower-based measurements of carbon and energy fluxes Richardson, Andrew D.; Hollinger, David Y.; Burba, George G. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 136, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.01.007	journal	January 2006
Impact of forest plantation on methane emissions from tropical peatland Deshmukh, Chandra S.; Julius, Dony; Evans, Chris D. Global Change Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15019	journal	February 2020
Episodic fluxes of methane from subarctic fens Windsor, J.; Moore, T. R.; Roulet, N. T. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 72, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss92-037	journal	November 1992
Abundant carbon substrates drive extremely high sulfate reduction rates and methane fluxes in Prairie Pothole Wetlands Dalcin Martins, Paula; Hoyt, David W.; Bansal, Sheel Global Change Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13633	journal	February 2017
MOD09A1 MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V006 Vermote, Eric NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC https://doi.org/10.5067/modis/mod09a1.006	dataset	January 2015
Influence of salinity on methanogenesis and associated microflora in tropical rice soils Pattnaik, P.; Mishra, S. R.; Bharati, K. Microbiological Research, Vol. 155, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-5013(00)80035-X	journal	September 2000
Emissions of methane from northern peatlands: a review of management impacts and implications for future management options Abdalla, Mohamed; Hastings, Astley; Truu, Jaak Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 6, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2469	journal	September 2016
A technique to measure CO2 exchange under field conditions Desjardins, R. L. International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01450667	journal	March 1974
Seasonal trends and environmental controls of methane emissions in a rice paddy field in Northern Italy Meijide, A.; Manca, G.; Goded, I. Biogeosciences, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3809-2011	journal	January 2011
Standardisation of eddy-covariance flux measurements of methane and nitrous oxide Nemitz, Eiko; Mammarella, Ivan; Ibrom, Andreas International Agrophysics, Vol. 32, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1515/intag-2017-0042	journal	December 2018
Annual methane emission from Finnish mires estimated from eddy covariance campaign measurements Hargreaves, K. J.; Fowler, D.; Pitcairn, C. E. R. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Vol. 70, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s007040170015	journal	September 2001
On the use of MODIS EVI to assess gross primary productivity of North American ecosystems: ESTIMATION OF GPP FROM MODIS EVI Sims, Daniel A.; Rahman, Abdullah F.; Cordova, Vicente D. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 111, Issue G4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000162	journal	December 2006
Eddy correlation measurements of methane flux in a northern peatland ecosystem Verma, Shashi B.; Ullman, Frank G.; Billesbach, David Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 58, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02033829	journal	February 1992
Cold season emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget Zona, Donatella; Gioli, Beniamino; Commane, Róisín Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516017113	journal	December 2015
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Tw1 Twitchell Wetland West Pond Valach, Alex; Szutu, Daphne; Eichelmann, Elke FluxNet; University of California, Berkeley https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669696	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Tw3 Twitchell Alfalfa Chamberlain, Samuel; Oikawa, Patty; Sturtevant, Cove FluxNet; University of California, Berkeley https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669697	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Tw5 East Pond Wetland Valach, Alex; Kasak, Kuno; Szutu, Daphne FluxNet; University of California, Berkeley https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669699	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 CA-SCB Scotty Creek Bog Sonnentag, Oliver; Helbig, Manuel FluxNet; Université de Montréal; Wilfrid Laurier University https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669613	dataset	January 2020
Filling the gaps in meteorological continuous data measured at FLUXNET sites with ERA-Interim reanalysis Vuichard, N.; Papale, D. Earth System Science Data, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-157-2015	journal	January 2015
Fluxes all of the time? A primer on the temporal representativeness of FLUXNET: FLUXES ALL OF THE TIME? Chu, Housen; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; John, Ranjeet Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 122, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003576	journal	February 2017
FLUXNET-CH4 US-OWC Old Woman Creek Bohrer, Gil; Kerns, Janice; Morin, Timothy FluxNet; Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve; The Ohio State University https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669690	dataset	January 2020
Revisiting factors controlling methane emissions from high-Arctic tundra Mastepanov, M.; Sigsgaard, C.; Tagesson, T. Biogeosciences, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5139-2013	journal	January 2013
Salinity Influence on Methane Emissions from Tidal Marshes Poffenbarger, Hanna J.; Needelman, Brian A.; Megonigal, J. Patrick Wetlands, Vol. 31, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-011-0197-0	journal	July 2011
FLUXNET-CH4 US-PFa Park Falls/WLEF Desai, Ankur FluxNet; University of Wisconsin https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669691	dataset	January 2020
Scaling carbon fluxes from eddy covariance sites to globe: synthesis and evaluation of the FLUXCOM approach Jung, Martin; Schwalm, Christopher; Migliavacca, Mirco Biogeosciences, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1343-2020	journal	January 2020
On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration: review and improved algorithm Reichstein, Markus; Falge, Eva; Baldocchi, Dennis Global Change Biology, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001002.x	journal	September 2005
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Snd Sherman Island Detto, Matteo; Sturtevant, Cove; Oikawa, Patty FluxNet; University of California, Berkeley https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669692	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Sne Sherman Island Restored Wetland Shortt, Robert; Hemes, Kyle; Szutu, Daphne FluxNet; University of California, Berkeley https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669693	dataset	January 2020
Methane emissions reduce the radiative cooling effect of a subtropical estuarine mangrove wetland by half Liu, Jiangong; Zhou, Yulun; Valach, Alex Global Change Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15247	journal	July 2020
Substantial hysteresis in emergent temperature sensitivity of global wetland CH4 emissions Chang, Kuang-Yu; Riley, William J.; Knox, Sara H. Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22452-1	journal	April 2021
Methane emissions from wetlands: biogeochemical, microbial, and modeling perspectives from local to global scales Bridgham, Scott D.; Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby; Keller, Jason K. Global Change Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12131	journal	February 2013
Uncertainty in eddy covariance measurements and its application to physiological models Hollinger, D. Y.; Richardson, A. D. Tree Physiology, Vol. 25, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/25.7.873	journal	July 2005
Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation: SEPARATION OF NEE INTO GPP AND RECO Lasslop, Gitta; Reichstein, Markus; Papale, Dario Global Change Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x	journal	January 2010
Ramifications of increased salinity in tidal freshwater sediments: Geochemistry and microbial pathways of organic matter mineralization Weston, Nathaniel B.; Dixon, Ray E.; Joye, Samantha B. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue G1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000071	journal	January 2006
Net ecosystem methane and carbon dioxide exchanges in a Lake Erie coastal marsh and a nearby cropland: CH4 and CO2 fluxes in a freshwater marsh Chu, Housen; Chen, Jiquan; Gottgens, Johan F. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 119, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002520	journal	May 2014
Winter methane dynamics in a temperate peatland Melloh, Rae A.; Crill, Patrick M. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/96GB00365	journal	June 1996
Variation of energy and carbon fluxes from a restored temperate freshwater wetland and implications for carbon market verification protocols: Variability in Wetland Fluxes Anderson, Frank E.; Bergamaschi, Brian; Sturtevant, Cove Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 121, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003083	journal	March 2016
Sulfate deprivation triggers high methane production in a disturbed and rewetted coastal peatland Koebsch, Franziska; Winkel, Matthias; Liebner, Susanne Biogeosciences, Vol. 16, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019	journal	January 2019
Present state of global wetland extent and wetland methane modelling: conclusions from a model inter-comparison project (WETCHIMP) Melton, J. R.; Wania, R.; Hodson, E. L. Biogeosciences, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-753-2013	journal	January 2013
Exploring sub-daily to seasonal variations in methane exchange in a single-crop rice paddy in central Japan Iwata, Hiroki; Mano, Masayoshi; Ono, Keisuke Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 179 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.02.015	journal	April 2018
TIMESAT—a program for analyzing time-series of satellite sensor data Jönsson, Per; Eklundh, Lars Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 30, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2004.05.006	journal	October 2004
FLUXNET-CH4 US-MRM Marsh Resource Meadowlands Mitigation Bank Schafer, Karina FluxNet https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669684	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Myb Mayberry Wetland Matthes, Jaclyn; Sturtevant, Cove; Oikawa, Patty FluxNet; University of California, Berkeley https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669685	dataset	January 2020
Eddy correlation measurements of CO2, latent heat, and sensible heat fluxes over a crop surface Anderson, Dean E.; Verma, Shashi B.; Rosenberg, Norman J. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00119792	journal	July 1984
A Plant-Soil-Atmosphere Microcosm for Tracing Radiocarbon from Photosynthesis through Methanogenesis Megonigal, J. P.; Whalen, S. C.; Tissue, D. T. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 63, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300030033x	journal	January 1999
FLUXNET-CH4 US-NC4 NC_AlligatorRiver Noormets, Asko; King, John; Mitra, Bhaskar FluxNet; Texas A&M University https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669686	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-NGB NGEE Arctic Barrow Torn, Margaret; Dengel, Sigrid FluxNet; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669687	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-NGC NGEE Arctic Council Torn, Margaret; Dengel, Sigrid FluxNet; Berkeley Lab; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669688	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-ORv Olentangy River Wetland Research Park Bohrer, Gil; Morin, Timothy FluxNet; The Ohio State University https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669689	dataset	January 2020
Biophysical controls on interannual variability in ecosystem-scale CO ₂ and CH ₄ exchange in a California rice paddy : INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY RICE CH Knox, Sara Helen; Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala; Sturtevant, Cove Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 121, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003247	journal	March 2016
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Reservoir Water Surfaces: A New Global Synthesis Deemer, Bridget R.; Harrison, John A.; Li, Siyue BioScience, Vol. 66, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw117	journal	October 2016
Development of the global dataset of Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M) Zhang, Zhen; Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne; Jensen, Katherine Earth System Science Data, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2001-2021	journal	January 2021
FLUXNET-CH4 US-LA2 Salvador WMA Freshwater Marsh Holm, Guerry; Perez, Brian; McWhorter, David FluxNet; US Geological Survey; USGS-Wetland and Aquatic Research Center https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669681	dataset	January 2020
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Los Lost Creek Desai, Ankur FluxNet; University of Wisconsin https://doi.org/10.18140/flx/1669682	dataset	January 2020
Biophysical drivers of net ecosystem and methane exchange across phenological phases in a tidal salt marsh Vázquez-Lule, Alma; Vargas, Rodrigo Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 300 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108309	journal	April 2021

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