Explicit structure-preserving geometric particle-in-cell algorithm in curvilinear orthogonal coordinate systems and its applications to whole-device 6D kinetic simulations of tokamak physics

Xiao, Jianyuan; QIN, Hong

doi:10.1088/2058-6272/abf125

Title: Explicit structure-preserving geometric particle-in-cell algorithm in curvilinear orthogonal coordinate systems and its applications to whole-device 6D kinetic simulations of tokamak physics

Journal Article · Thu Apr 22 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Plasma Science and Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/abf125· OSTI ID:1809092

Xiao, Jianyuan ^[1]; QIN, Hong ^[2]

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China). School of Physical Sciences
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Explicit structure-preserving geometric particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm in curvilinear orthogonal coordinate systems is developed. The work reported represents a further development of the structure-preserving geometric PIC algorithm achieving the goal of practical applications in magnetic fusion research. The algorithm is constructed by discretizing the field theory for the system of charged particles and electromagnetic field using Whitney forms, discrete exterior calculus, and explicit non-canonical symplectic integration. In addition to the truncated infinitely dimensional symplectic structure, the algorithm preserves exactly many important physical symmetries and conservation laws, such as local energy conservation, gauge symmetry and the corresponding local charge conservation. As a result, the algorithm possesses the long-term accuracy and fidelity required for first-principles-based simulations of the multiscale tokamak physics. The algorithm has been implemented in the SymPIC code, which is designed for high-efficiency massively-parallel PIC simulations in modern clusters. The code has been applied to carry out whole-device 6D kinetic simulation studies of tokamak physics. A self-consistent kinetic steady state for fusion plasma in the tokamak geometry is numerically found with a predominately diagonal and anisotropic pressure tensor. The state also admits a steady-state sub-sonic ion flow in the range of 10 km s^-1, agreeing with experimental observations and analytical calculations Kinetic ballooning instability in the self-consistent kinetic steady state is simulated. It is shown that high-n ballooning modes have larger growth rates than low-n global modes, and in the nonlinear phase the modes saturate approximately in 5 ion transit times at the 2% level by the E × B flow generated by the instability. These results are consistent with early and recent electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations.

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Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National MCF Energy R&D Program; National Key Research and Development Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466; 2018YFE0304100; 2016YFA0400600; 2016YFA0400601; 016YFA0400602; 11905220; 11805273

OSTI ID:: 1809092

Journal Information:: Plasma Science and Technology, Vol. 23, Issue 5; ISSN 1009-0630

Publisher:: IOPScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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