Experimental nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment stimulates multiple trophic levels of algal and detrital-based food webs: a global meta-analysis from streams and rivers

Ardón, Marcelo; Zeglin, Lydia H.; Utz, Ryan M.; Cooper, Scott D.; Dodds, Walter K.; Bixby, Rebecca J.; Burdett, Ayesha S.; Follstad Shah, Jennifer; Griffiths, Natalie A.; Harms, Tamara K.; Johnson, Sherri L.; Jones, Jeremy B.; Kominoski, John S.; McDowell, William H.; Rosemond, Amy D.; Trentman, Matt T.; Van Horn, David; Ward, Amelia

doi:10.1111/brv.12673

Title: Experimental nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment stimulates multiple trophic levels of algal and detrital-based food webs: a global meta-analysis from streams and rivers

Journal Article · Thu Dec 17 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Biological Reviews

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12673· OSTI ID:1786289

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Cooper, Scott D. ^[4]; Dodds, Walter K. ^[2];

^[5]; Burdett, Ayesha S. ^[6];

^[7];

^[8]; Harms, Tamara K. ^[9]; Johnson, Sherri L. ^[10]; Jones, Jeremy B. ^[9];

^[11];

^[12];

^[13];

^[14]; Van Horn, David ^[5]; Ward, Amelia ^[15]

North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States)
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)
Chatham Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Falk School of Sustainability
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Marine Science Institute
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
River Bend Ecology, Wickliffe, VIC (Australia)
Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Climate Change Science Institute
Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (United States). Institute of Arctic Biology
US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Corvallis, OR (United States). Pacific Northwest Research Station
Florida International Univ., Miami, FL (United States). Southeast Environmental Research Center
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States). Odum School of Ecology
Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)
Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States)

Anthropogenic increases in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations can strongly influence the structure and function of ecosystems. Even though lotic ecosystems receive cumulative inputs of nutrients applied to and deposited on land, no comprehensive assessment has quantified nutrient-enrichment effects within streams and rivers. We conducted a meta-analysis of published studies that experimentally increased concentrations of N and/or P in streams and rivers to examine how enrichment alters ecosystem structure (state: primary producer and consumer biomass and abundance) and function (rate: primary production, leaf breakdown rates, metabolism) at multiple trophic levels (primary producer, microbial heterotroph, primary and secondary consumers, and integrated ecosystem). Our synthesis included 184 studies, 885 experiments, and 3497 biotic responses to nutrient enrichment. We documented widespread increases in organismal biomass and abundance (mean response = +48%) and rates of ecosystem processes (+54%) to enrichment across multiple trophic levels, with no large differences in responses among trophic levels or between autotrophic or heterotrophic food-web pathways. Responses to nutrient enrichment varied with the nutrient added (N, P, or both) depending on rate versus state variable and experiment type, and were greater in flume and whole-stream experiments than in experiments using nutrient-diffusing substrata. Generally, nutrient-enrichment effects also increased with water temperature and light, and decreased under elevated ambient concentrations of inorganic N and/or P. Overall, increased concentrations of N and/or P altered multiple food-web pathways and trophic levels in lotic ecosystems. Finally, our results indicate that preservation or restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem functions of streams and rivers requires management of nutrient inputs and consideration of multiple trophic pathways.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1786289

Journal Information:: Biological Reviews, Vol. 96, Issue 2; ISSN 1464-7931

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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