Strain Gradient Elasticity in SrTiO3 Membranes: Bending versus Stretching

Harbola, Varun; Crossley, Samuel; Hong, Seung Sae; Lu, Di; Birkhölzer, Yorick A.; Hikita, Yasuyuki; Hwang, Harold Y.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04787

Title: Strain Gradient Elasticity in SrTiO₃ Membranes: Bending versus Stretching

Journal Article · Wed Mar 10 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Nano Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04787· OSTI ID:1781840

^[1]; Crossley, Samuel ^[2]; Hong, Seung Sae ^[2];

^[1]; Birkhölzer, Yorick A. ^[3]; Hikita, Yasuyuki ^[4]; Hwang, Harold Y. ^[2]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Univ. of Twente, Enschede (Netherlands)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES)

Young’s modulus determines the mechanical loads required to elastically stretch a material and also the loads required to bend it, given that bending stretches one surface while compressing the opposite one. Flexoelectric materials have the additional property of becoming electrically polarized when bent. The associated energy cost can additionally contribute to elasticity via strain gradients, particularly at small length scales where they are geometrically enhanced. Here, we present nanomechanical measurements of freely suspended SrTiO₃ crystalline membrane drumheads. In this work, we observe an unexpected nonmonotonic thickness dependence of Young’s modulus upon small deflections. Furthermore, the modulus inferred from a predominantly bending deformation is three times larger than that of a predominantly stretching deformation for membranes thinner than 20 nm. In this regime we extract a strain gradient elastic coupling of ~2.2 μN, which could be used in new operational regimes of nanoelectro-mechanics.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; FA9550-18-1-0480; GBMF4415; ECCS-1542152

OSTI ID:: 1781840

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 6; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
elasticity
perovskite thin films
strain gradient elasticity
flexoelectricity

Title: Strain Gradient Elasticity in SrTiO3 Membranes: Bending versus Stretching

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References (34)

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Title: Strain Gradient Elasticity in SrTiO₃ Membranes: Bending versus Stretching