Observing the Growth of Metal–Organic Frameworks by in Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Patterson, Joseph P.; Abellan, Patricia; Denny, Michael S.; Park, Chiwoo; Browning, Nigel D.; Cohen, Seth M.; Evans, James E.; Gianneschi, Nathan C.

doi:10.1021/jacs.5b00817

Title: Observing the Growth of Metal–Organic Frameworks by in Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Journal Article · Mon Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b00817· OSTI ID:1781415

Patterson, Joseph P. ^[1]; Abellan, Patricia ^[2]; Denny, Michael S. ^[1]; Park, Chiwoo ^[3]; Browning, Nigel D. ^[2]; Cohen, Seth M. ^[1]; Evans, James E. ^[4]; Gianneschi, Nathan C. ^[1]

Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab. (EMSL)

Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) can provide direct observations of solution-phase nanoscale materials, and holds great promise as a tool for monitoring dynamic self-assembled nanomaterials. Control over particle behavior within the liquid cell, and under electron beam irradiation, is of paramount importance for this technique to contribute to our understanding of chemistry and materials science at the nanoscale. However, this type of control has not been demonstrated for complex, organic macromolecular materials, which form the basis for all biological systems and all of polymer science, and encompass important classes of advanced porous materials. Here we show that by controlling the liquid cell membrane surface chemistry and electron beam conditions, the dynamics and growth of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be observed. Our results demonstrate that hybrid organic/inorganic beam-sensitive materials can be analyzed with LCTEM and, at least in the case of ZIF-8 dynamics, the results correlate with observations from bulk growth or other standard synthetic conditions. Furthermore, we show that LCTEM can be used to better understand how changes to synthetic conditions result in changes to particle size. We anticipate that direct, nanoscale imaging by LCTEM of MOF nucleation and growth mechanisms may provide insight into controlled MOF crystal morphology, domain composition, and processes influencing defect formation.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); US Army Research Office (ARO); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-08ER46519; AC05-76RL01830; FA9550-12-1-0414

OSTI ID:: 1781415

Journal Information:: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 23; ISSN 0002-7863

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 177 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (55)

Minimum Cost Multi-Way Data Association for Optimizing Multitarget Tracking of Interacting Objects Park, Chiwoo; Woehl, Taylor J.; Evans, James E. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 37, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2014.2346202	journal	March 2015
Electron microscopy of specimens in liquid de Jonge, Niels; Ross, Frances M. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 11, p. 695-704 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.161	journal	October 2011
Zeolites and Catalysis Čejka, Jiři; Corma, Avelino; Zones, Stacey https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527630295	book	April 2010
Atomic-Scale Imaging and Spectroscopy for In Situ Liquid Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Jungjohann, Katherine L.; Evans, James E.; Aguiar, Jeffery A. Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927612000104	journal	May 2012
Fast Nucleation and Growth of ZIF-8 Nanocrystals Monitored by Time-Resolved In Situ Small-Angle and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering Cravillon, Janosch; Schröder, Christian A.; Nayuk, Roman Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 50, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201102071	journal	July 2011
Metal–organic frameworks with oxazoline-containing tripodal ligand: structure changes via reaction medium and metal-to-ligand ratio Huang, Yong-Qing; Shen, Zhong-Liang; Zhou, Xia-Ying CrystEngComm, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c002874f	journal	January 2010
Crystallisation of solvothermally synthesised ZIF-8 investigated at the bulk, single crystal and surface level Moh, Pak Y.; Brenda, Magdalena; Anderson, Michael W. CrystEngComm, Vol. 15, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ce40943k	journal	January 2013
Dynamics of Soft Nanomaterials Captured by Transmission Electron Microscopy in Liquid Water Proetto, Maria T.; Rush, Anthony M.; Chien, Miao-Ping Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja408513m	journal	January 2014
Crystal Growth Mechanisms and Morphological Control of the Prototypical Metal-Organic Framework MOF-5 Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy Cubillas, Pablo; Anderson, Michael W.; Attfield, Martin P. Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 18, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201202261	journal	October 2012
Metal–organic framework materials as catalysts Lee, JeongYong; Farha, Omar K.; Roberts, John Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 38, Issue 5, p. 1450-1459 https://doi.org/10.1039/b807080f	journal	January 2009
Observation of Single Colloidal Platinum Nanocrystal Growth Trajectories Zheng, H.; Smith, R. K.; Jun, Y. -w. Science, Vol. 324, Issue 5932 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172104	journal	June 2009
Infinite polymeric frameworks consisting of three dimensionally linked rod-like segments Hoskins, Bernard F.; Robson, Richard Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 111, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00197a079	journal	July 1989
In situ TEM imaging of CaCO3 nucleation reveals coexistence of direct and indirect pathways Nielsen, M. H.; Aloni, S.; De Yoreo, J. J. Science, Vol. 345, Issue 6201 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1254051	journal	September 2014
In Situ Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy of the Solution Growth of Au–Pd Core–Shell Nanostructures Jungjohann, K. L.; Bliznakov, S.; Sutter, P. W. Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl4014277	journal	May 2013
Direct Observation of Aggregative Nanoparticle Growth: Kinetic Modeling of the Size Distribution and Growth Rate Woehl, Taylor J.; Park, Chiwoo; Evans, James E. Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl4043328	journal	December 2013
Reusable Oxidation Catalysis Using Metal-Monocatecholato Species in a Robust Metal–Organic Framework Fei, Honghan; Shin, JaeWook; Meng, Ying Shirley Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja411627z	journal	March 2014
Direct observation of biological molecules in liquid by environmental phase-plate transmission electron microscopy Inayoshi, Yuhri; Minoda, Hiroki; Arai, Yoshihiro Micron, Vol. 43, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2012.02.001	journal	November 2012
In Situ Visualization of Self-Assembly of Charged Gold Nanoparticles Liu, Yuzi; Lin, Xiao-Min; Sun, Yugang Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja312620e	journal	February 2013
Hydrogen storage in metal–organic frameworks Murray, Leslie J.; Dincă, Mircea; Long, Jeffrey R. Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 38, Issue 5, p. 1294-1314 https://doi.org/10.1039/b802256a	journal	January 2009
Direct in Situ Determination of the Mechanisms Controlling Nanoparticle Nucleation and Growth Woehl, Taylor J.; Evans, James E.; Arslan, Ilke ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn303371y	journal	September 2012
Introduction to Metal–Organic Frameworks Zhou, Hong-Cai; Long, Jeffrey R.; Yaghi, Omar M. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 2, p. 673-674 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300014x	journal	September 2011
Surface Chemistry of Metal-Organic Frameworks at the Liquid-Solid Interface Zacher, Denise; Schmid, Rochus; Wöll, Christof Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 50, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201002451	journal	December 2010
Factors influencing quantitative liquid (scanning) transmission electron microscopy Abellan, P.; Woehl, T. J.; Parent, L. R. Chem. Commun., Vol. 50, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CC48479C	journal	January 2014
Rapid Room-Temperature Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystals of a Prototypical Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Cravillon, Janosch; Münzer, Simon; Lohmeier, Sven-Jare Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm900166h	journal	April 2009
Crystal Growth of the Nanoporous Metal-Organic Framework HKUST-1 Revealed by In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Shoaee, Maryiam; Anderson, Michael W.; Attfield, Martin P. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 47, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200803460	journal	October 2008
Dynamic microscopy of nanoscale cluster growth at the solid–liquid interface Williamson, M. J.; Tromp, R. M.; Vereecken, P. M. Nature Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat944	journal	July 2003
Challenges associated with in-situ TEM in environmental systems: The case of silver in aqueous solutions Noh, Kyong Wook; Liu, Yin; Sun, Li Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 116 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.03.012	journal	May 2012
A Closed Cell for Electron Microscopy Abrams, I. M.; McBain, J. W. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1707475	journal	August 1944
Nanoscaled M-MOF-74 Materials Prepared at Room Temperature Díaz-García, Manuel; Mayoral, Álvaro; Díaz, Isabel Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/cg500190h	journal	April 2014
Imaging Protein Structure in Water at 2.7 nm Resolution by Transmission Electron Microscopy Mirsaidov, Utkur M.; Zheng, Haimei; Casana, Yosune Biophysical Journal, Vol. 102, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2012.01.009	journal	February 2012
Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Platinum Iron Nanocrystal Growth and Shape Evolution Liao, Hong-Gang; Zheng, Haimei Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja310612p	journal	March 2013
Charged Nanoparticle Dynamics in Water Induced by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy White, E. R.; Mecklenburg, Matthew; Shevitski, Brian Langmuir, Vol. 28, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/la2048486	journal	February 2012
Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Monodispersed Metal-Organic Framework Microcrystals Lu, Guang; Cui, Chenlong; Zhang, Weina Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201200754	journal	October 2012
Rapid Room-Temperature Synthesis of Metal-Organic Framework HKUST-1 Crystals in Bulk and as Oriented and Patterned Thin Films Zhuang, Jin-Liang; Ceglarek, Doris; Pethuraj, Sangeetha Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201002529	journal	March 2011
3D Motion of DNA-Au Nanoconjugates in Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy Chen, Qian; Smith, Jessica M.; Park, Jungwon Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl402694n	journal	August 2013
Real-Time Imaging of Pt3Fe Nanorod Growth in Solution Liao, H. -G.; Cui, L.; Whitelam, S. Science, Vol. 336, Issue 6084 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1219185	journal	May 2012
Postsynthetic Methods for the Functionalization of Metal–Organic Frameworks Cohen, Seth M. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 2, p. 970-1000 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr200179u	journal	September 2011
Revelation of the Molecular Assembly of the Nanoporous Metal Organic Framework ZIF-8 Moh, Pak Y.; Cubillas, Pablo; Anderson, Michael W. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja205900f	journal	August 2011
Structural Evolution of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Venna, Surendar R.; Jasinski, Jacek B.; Carreon, Moises A. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja109268m	journal	December 2010
Controlled Growth of Nanoparticles from Solution with In Situ Liquid Transmission Electron Microscopy Evans, James E.; Jungjohann, Katherine L.; Browning, Nigel D. Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201166k	journal	July 2011
Room temperature synthesis of metal-organic frameworks: MOF-5, MOF-74, MOF-177, MOF-199, and IRMOF-0 Tranchemontagne, David J.; Hunt, Joseph R.; Yaghi, Omar M. Tetrahedron, Vol. 64, Issue 36, p. 8553-8557 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.06.036	journal	September 2008
Dendritic Gold Nanowire Growth Observed in Liquid with Transmission Electron Microscopy Kraus, Tobias; de Jonge, Niels Langmuir, Vol. 29, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/la401584z	journal	June 2013
Systematic Design of Pore Size and Functionality in Isoreticular MOFs and Their Application in Methane Storage Eddaoudi, Mohamed; Kim, Jaheon; Rosi, Nathaniel Science, Vol. 295, Issue 5554, p. 469-472 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1067208	journal	January 2002
The pervasive chemistry of metal–organic frameworks Long, Jeffrey R.; Yaghi, Omar M. Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 38, Issue 5, p. 1213-1214 https://doi.org/10.1039/b903811f	journal	January 2009
Beitrag zur �bermikroskopischen Abbildung bei h�heren Drucken Ruska, E. Kolloid-Zeitschrift, Vol. 100, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01519549	journal	August 1942
Crystal form, defects and growth of the metal organic framework HKUST-1 revealed by atomic force microscopy Shöâeè, Maryiam; Agger, Jonathan R.; Anderson, Michael W. CrystEngComm, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/b718890k	journal	January 2008
Discovery, development, and functionalization of Zr( iv )-based metal–organic frameworks Kim, Min; Cohen, Seth M. CrystEngComm, Vol. 14, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CE06491J	journal	January 2012
Metal–Organic Framework Materials as Chemical Sensors Kreno, Lauren E.; Leong, Kirsty; Farha, Omar K. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 2, p. 1105-1125 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr200324t	journal	September 2011
Real-time imaging and local elemental analysis of nanostructures in liquids Lewis, Edward A.; Haigh, Sarah J.; Slater, Thomas J. A. Chem. Commun., Vol. 50, Issue 70 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC02743D	journal	January 2014
Nanocrystal Diffusion in a Liquid Thin Film Observed by in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Zheng, Haimei; Claridge, Shelley A.; Minor, Andrew M. Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl9012369	journal	June 2009
Nanofluidic Cells with Controlled Pathlength and Liquid Flow for Rapid, High-Resolution In Situ Imaging with Electrons Mueller, C.; Harb, M.; Dwyer, J. R. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz401067k	journal	June 2013
Visualizing macromolecular complexes with in situ liquid scanning transmission electron microscopy Evans, James E.; Jungjohann, Katherine L.; Wong, Peony C. K. Micron, Vol. 43, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2012.01.018	journal	November 2012
Spontaneous Assembly of Miktoarm Stars into Vesicular Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes Plamper, Felix A.; Gelissen, Arjan P.; Timper, Jan Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Vol. 34, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201300053	journal	March 2013
Experimental procedures to mitigate electron beam induced artifacts during in situ fluid imaging of nanomaterials Woehl, Taylor J.; Jungjohann, Katherine L.; Evans, James E. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 127 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.07.018	journal	April 2013
Direct demonstration of the cross-bridge recovery stroke in muscle thick filaments in aqueous solution by using the hydration chamber Sugi, H.; Minoda, H.; Inayoshi, Y. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809581105	journal	November 2008

Cited By (30)

In Situ Environmental TEM in Imaging Gas and Liquid Phase Chemical Reactions for Materials Research Wu, Jianbo; Shan, Hao; Chen, Wenlong Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201602519	journal	September 2016
Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles Wang, Shunzhi; McGuirk, C. Michael; d'Aquino, Andrea Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201800202	journal	June 2018
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy on Energy‐Related Catalysis Hwang, Sooyeon; Chen, Xiaobo; Zhou, Guangwen Advanced Energy Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902105	journal	December 2019
Control of Metal–Organic Framework Crystallization by Metastable Intermediate Pre‐equilibrium Species Yeung, Hamish H. ‐M.; Sapnik, Adam F.; Massingberd‐Mundy, Felicity Angewandte Chemie https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201810039	journal	December 2018
Ice Melting to Release Reactants in Solution Syntheses Wei, Hehe; Huang, Kai; Zhang, Le Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201711128	journal	February 2018
Control of Metal–Organic Framework Crystallization by Metastable Intermediate Pre‐equilibrium Species Yeung, Hamish H. ‐M.; Sapnik, Adam F.; Massingberd‐Mundy, Felicity Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201810039	journal	January 2019
The Chemistry of Nucleation: In Situ Pair Distribution Function Analysis of Secondary Building Units During UiO‐66 MOF Formation Xu, Hui; Sommer, Sanna; Broge, Nils Lau Nyborg Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201805024	journal	January 2019
Microscopy of Nanoporous Crystals Ma, Yanhang; Han, Lu; Liu, Zheng Springer Handbook of Microscopy https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00069-1_29	book	January 2019
Investigating materials formation with liquid-phase and cryogenic TEM De Yoreo, J. J.; N. A. J. M., Sommerdijk Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.35	journal	June 2016
Metal–organic frameworks for membrane-based separations Denny, Michael S.; Moreton, Jessica C.; Benz, Lauren Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.78	journal	November 2016
Multistep nucleation of nanocrystals in aqueous solution Loh, N. Duane; Sen, Soumyo; Bosman, Michel Nature Chemistry, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2618	journal	October 2016
Hydrodynamic assembly of two-dimensional layered double hydroxide nanostructures Jose, Nicholas A.; Zeng, Hua Chun; Lapkin, Alexei A. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07395-4	journal	November 2018
Atomistic structures and dynamics of prenucleation clusters in MOF-2 and MOF-5 syntheses Xing, Junfei; Schweighauser, Luca; Okada, Satoshi Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11564-4	journal	August 2019
Vapor-deposited zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as gap-filling ultra-low-k dielectrics Krishtab, Mikhail; Stassen, Ivo; Stassin, Timothée Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11703-x	journal	August 2019
Self-assembling peptides imaged by correlated liquid cell transmission electron microscopy and MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry Touve, Mollie A.; Carlini, Andrea S.; Gianneschi, Nathan C. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12660-1	journal	October 2019
Liquid–liquid phase separation during amphiphilic self-assembly Ianiro, Alessandro; Wu, Hanglong; van Rijt, Mark M. J. Nature Chemistry, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-019-0210-4	journal	February 2019
Monitoring chemical reactions in liquid media using electron microscopy Kashin, Alexey S.; Ananikov, Valentine P. Nature Reviews Chemistry, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-019-0133-z	journal	September 2019
The formation of cerium( iii ) hydroxide nanoparticles by a radiation mediated increase in local pH Abellan, P.; Moser, T. H.; Lucas, I. T. RSC Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27066b	journal	January 2017
Early stage structural development of prototypical zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) in solution Terban, Maxwell W.; Banerjee, Debasis; Ghose, Sanjit Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr07949d	journal	January 2018
Empirical modeling of material composition and size in MOFs prepared with ligand mixtures Llabrés-Campaner, Pedro J.; Zaragozá, Ramón José; Aurell, María José Dalton Transactions, Vol. 48, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04594a	journal	January 2019
Controlling the spatio-temporal dose distribution during STEM imaging by subsampled acquisition: In-situ observations of kinetic processes in liquids Mehdi, B. L.; Stevens, A.; Kovarik, L. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5096595	journal	August 2019
Imaging of soft materials using in situ liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy He, Kun; Shokuhfar, Tolou; Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 31, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aaf616	journal	January 2019
Quantification and optimization of ADF-STEM image contrast for beam-sensitive materials Gnanasekaran, Karthikeyan; de With, Gijsbertus; Friedrich, Heiner Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171838	journal	May 2018
Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy and its applications Pu, Shengda; Gong, Chen; Robertson, Alex W. Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191204	journal	January 2020
The role of electron irradiation history in liquid cell transmission electron microscopy Moser, Trevor H.; Mehta, Hardeep; Park, Chiwoo Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1202	journal	April 2018
Automating material image analysis for material discovery Park, Chiwoo; Ding, Yu MRS Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 02 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2019.48	journal	April 2019
Ice Melting to Release Reactants in Solution Syntheses Wei, Hehe; Huang, Kai; Zhang, Le Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201711128	journal	February 2018
Hydrodynamic assembly of two-dimensional layered double hydroxide nanostructures. Jose, Nicholas; Zeng, Hua Chun; Lapkin, Alexei Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.36120	text	January 2018
The Chemistry of Nucleation: In Situ Pair Distribution Function Analysis of Secondary Building Units During UiO‐66 MOF Formation Xu, Hui; Sommer, Sanna; Broge, Nils Lau Nyborg Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2019-01803	text	January 2019
Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly of Micelles Observed by Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy Touve, Mollie A.; Figg, C. Adrian; Wright, Daniel B. ACS Central Science, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.8b00148	journal	April 2018

Similar Records

Observing the Growth of Metal-Organic Frameworks by In-Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Journal Article · Wed Jun 17 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of the American Chemical Society, 137(23):7322-7328 · OSTI ID:1781415

Patterson, Joseph P.; Abellan Baeza, Patricia; Denny, Michael S.; +5 more

Gold Nanocrystal Etching as a Means of Probing the Dynamic Chemical Environment in Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy

Journal Article · Tue Feb 19 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Journal of the American Chemical Society · OSTI ID:1781415

Hauwiller, Matthew R.; Ondry, Justin C.; Chan, Cindy M.; +3 more

Chemical and physical transformations of carbon-based nanomaterials observed by liquid phase transmission electron microscopy

Journal Article · Thu Sep 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · MRS Bulletin · OSTI ID:1781415

Parent, Lucas R.; Vratsanos, Maria; Jin, Biao; +2 more

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Metal-organic frameworks
in-situ liquid cell TEM
self-assembly
growth mechanism

Title: Observing the Growth of Metal–Organic Frameworks by in Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Citation Formats

References (55)

Cited By (30)

Similar Records

Related Subjects