A taxonomy of systems that combine utility-scale renewable energy and energy storage technologies

Murphy, Caitlin A.; Schleifer, Anna; Eurek, Kelly

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.110711

Title: A taxonomy of systems that combine utility-scale renewable energy and energy storage technologies

Journal Article · Sat Jan 16 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.110711· OSTI ID:1766859

Murphy, Caitlin A. ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Interest in renewable energy-based hybrid systems—which combine multiple renewable energy and/or energy storage technologies—is apparent and growing. Such systems could play an important role in the grid of the future, but our ability to quantify their potential impacts is hindered by (a) the inconsistent treatment of hybrid systems and (b) an incomplete understanding of which aspects of hybridization will have the greatest influence. In this article, we review the literature and propose an organization scheme for utility-scale hybrid systems in which electricity is generated from commercially available, renewable energy technologies, and electricity is the only output. Based on this literature review, we propose three categories for delineating systems that link multiple renewable energy and/or energy storage technologies: co-located resources (locational linkage only), virtual power plants (operational linkage only), and full hybrids (location and operational linkages). Proposing a categorization based on whether the systems involve locational and/or operational linkages reflects the fact that technology combinations do not represent a meaningful delineation. In addition, the categories are ideal for informing model development efforts, by identifying the unique characteristics that must be captured in adequate representations of systems that fall under each category. Our categories can also help inform policy considerations, as they delineate system characteristics that would introduce distinct permitting, siting, interconnection, and policy challenges. Therefore, we believe that our proposed taxonomy will help organize thinking and research efforts in a way that will enable consistent evaluation of the costs, values, and potential of renewable energy-based hybrids.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Strategic Programs (EE-SP); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1766859

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1780308

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-6A20-75697; MainId:6638; UUID:97b9b65f-a022-ea11-9c2b-ac162d87dfe5; MainAdminID:19671

Journal Information:: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 139; ISSN 1364-0321

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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