Modulating thermal load through lightweight residential building walls using thermal energy storage and controlled precooling strategy

Kishore, Ravi; Bianchi, Marcus; Booten, Chuck; Vidal, Judith; Jackson, Roderick

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115870

Title: Modulating thermal load through lightweight residential building walls using thermal energy storage and controlled precooling strategy

Journal Article · Tue Aug 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Applied Thermal Engineering

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115870· OSTI ID:1660194

^[1]; Bianchi, Marcus ^[1];

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National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Precooling is a recognized technique for reducing cooling energy in buildings during peak hours by shifting load to off-peak hours. This technique is particularly effective in buildings with high thermal mass, because of their large thermal energy storage capacity, and in commercial buildings due to their variable electricity pricing based on time-of-use rates. Precooling in residential buildings has been a matter of limited interest in the past because of their low thermal mass and typically uniform electricity pricing rate. While previous studies on precooling primarily focused on cost savings, an important aspect of precooling is the thermal load modulation, which could be very effective in managing peak demand in lightweight residential buildings integrated with thermal energy storage systems. In this study, we examine different precooling strategies to manage the heat gains in lightweight building walls integrated with phase-change materials. We create nine different precooling profiles by controlling the interior temperature, and then evaluate the influence of the precooling profiles on four key building energy performance parameters: total heat gain, peak heat gain, maximum heat gain during peak hours, and time at which peak occurs. To thoroughly understand the fundamental physics, we first consider hypothetical climates and obtain the optimal precooling strategy required to achieve maximum peak shedding and shifting while minimizing the total heat gains. We then extend the model to Baltimore, Maryland, and estimate the benefits of the optimized precooling strategy under real conditions. The optimal precooling strategy proposed in this study can shift the peak heat gain by up to 14 hours, thereby reducing the heat gain during peak period by up to 95%, at the expense of a 23% increase in the total heat gains.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Building Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1660194

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1811090

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5500-76034; MainId:6479; UUID:7dae2a11-6848-ea11-9c31-ac162d87dfe5; MainAdminID:16274

Journal Information:: Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 180; ISSN 1359-4311

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
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