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Title: Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral in a box

Journal Article · · Physical Review C
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [4];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [15];  [16];  [17];  [18];  [19] more »;  [20];  [21];  [3];  [22];  [23];  [24];  [21];  [25];  [26];  [13] « less
  1. China Inst. of Atomic Energy, Beijing (China); Guangxi Key Lab. Breeding Base of Nuclear Physics Technology, Guilin (China)
  2. Huzhou Univ. (China)
  3. INFN-LNS, Catania (Italy)
  4. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
  5. Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan)
  6. Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ. Munich, Garching (Germany)
  7. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China)
  8. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. (China)
  9. IFIN-HH, Magurele-Bucharest (Romania)
  10. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou (China)
  11. McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada)
  12. Tottori Univ. (Japan)
  13. Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
  14. Texas A & M Univ., Commerce, TX (United States)
  15. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou (China); Hungzhou Univ. (China)
  16. China Inst. of Atomic Energy, Beijing (China)
  17. Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata (India)
  18. Akita International Univ. (Japan)
  19. Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki (Japan)
  20. Kyoto Univ. (Japan)
  21. Johann Wolfgang Goethe Univ., Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
  22. Johann Wolfgang Goethe Univ., Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Univ. of Giessen (Germany); Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany)
  23. Sun Yat-sen Univ., Zhuhai (China)
  24. Johann Wolfgang Goethe Univ., Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Univ. of Giessen (Germany)
  25. Guangxi Normal Univ., Guilin (China)
  26. Beijing Normal Univ. (China); Beijing Radiation Center (China)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Simulations by transport codes are indispensable to extract valuable physics information from heavy ion collisions. In order to understand the origins of discrepancies between different widely used transport codes, we compare 15 such codes under controlled conditions of a system confined to a box with periodic boundary, initialized with Fermi-Dirac distributions at saturation density and temperatures of either 0 or 5 MeV. In such calculations, one is able to check separately the different ingredients of a transport code. In this second publication of the code evaluation project, we only consider the two-body collision term, i.e. we perform cascade calculations. When the Pauli blocking is artificially suppressed, the collision rates are found to be consistent for most codes (to within 1% or better) with analytical results, or completely controlled results of a basic cascade code after eliminating the correlations within the same pair of colliding particles. In calculations with active Pauli blocking, the blocking probability was found to deviate from the expected reference values. The reason is found in substantial phase-space fluctuations and smearing tied to numerical algorithms and model assumptions in the representation of phase space. This results in the reduction of the blocking probability in most transport codes, so that the simulated system gradually evolves away from the Fermi-Dirac towards a Boltzmann distribution. As a result of this investigation, we are able to make judgements about the most effective strategies in transport simulations for determining the collision probabilities and the Pauli blocking. Investigation in a similar vein of other ingredients in transport calculations, like the mean field propagation or the production of nucleon resonances and mesons, will be discussed in the future publications.

Research Organization:
Texas A & M Univ., Commerce, TX (United States); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation of China; National Key Basic Research Development Program of China; Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China; European Union (EU); National Science Foundation (NSF); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0013702; FG02-13ER42025; 2015CB856904; 11421505; 11475243; 2014CB845401; 11475262; 11365004; 2013CB834404; 11375062; 11505057; 11747312; LY18A0500; PHY-140390602; 654002; 24105008; 17K05432; PHY-1565546; SC0009971; SC0019209
OSTI ID:
1658222
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1430564; OSTI ID: 1831526
Journal Information:
Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 3; ISSN 2469-9985
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 91 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (7)

The space–time structure of hadronization in the Lund model journal November 2018
Extracting nuclear symmetry energies at high densities from observations of neutron stars and gravitational waves journal March 2019
Nuclear transparency in Monte Carlo neutrino event generators journal July 2019
Scaling behavior of anisotropic flow harmonics in the far from equilibrium regime journal October 2018
Comparison between calculations with the AMD code and experimental data for peripheral collisions of Nb 93 + 93 Nb , 116 Sn at 38 MeV/nucleon journal June 2019
Uniform description of breakup mechanisms in central collision, projectile fragmentation, and proton-induced spallation journal July 2019
Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral with pions and $Δ$ resonances in a box text January 2019

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Related Subjects

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
hard scattering
low & intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions
models & methods for nuclear reactions
particle correlations & fluctuations
relativistic heavy-ion collisions