Alignment of Polarization against an Electric Field in van der Waals Ferroelectrics

Neumayer, Sabine M.; Tao, Lei; O'Hara, Andrew; Brehm, John; Si, Mengwei; Liao, Pai-Ying; Feng, Tianli; Kalinin, Sergei V.; Ye, Peide D.; Pantelides, Sokrates T.; Maksymovych, Petro; Balke, Nina

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.13.064063

Title: Alignment of Polarization against an Electric Field in van der Waals Ferroelectrics

Journal Article · Fri Jun 26 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review Applied

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.13.064063· OSTI ID:1649434

^[1]; Tao, Lei ^[2];

^[3]; Brehm, John ^[3];

^[4];

^[4]; Feng, Tianli ^[2];

^[1]; Ye, Peide D. ^[4];

^[5];

^[1];

^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Inst. of Physics
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy and Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Polarization in ferroelectrics can be switched in the direction of an applied electric field by dipole reorientation, enabling numerous applications and fundamental phenomena. In this study, we demonstrate that, in the van der Waals (vdW) layered ferrielectric ${Cu In P}_{2} S_{6}$ , a unique mechanism exists where polarization aligns against the direction of the applied electric field, seemingly in violation of the fundamental properties of a dipolar solid. The mechanism is the result of the electric field driving the $Cu$ atoms unidirectionally across the vdW gaps, which is distinctively different from dipole reorientation. The crossing of $Cu$ atoms is the fundamental process of ionic conductivity, yet it is compatible with the existence of polarization. These phenomena are confirmed by nanoscale imaging and spectroscopy of ferroelectric capacitors, coupled with dynamic density-functional-theory simulations. The symbiotic relationship of ferroelectric and ionic phenomena enables alternative approaches to control polarization and necessitates a change in perspective on nucleation, domain-wall dynamics, and other ferroelectric and electromechanical characteristics in material systems where ionic and ferroelectric phenomena manifest.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; FG02-09ER46554

OSTI ID:: 1649434

Journal Information:: Physical Review Applied, Vol. 13, Issue 6; ISSN 2331-7019

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 23 works

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Title: Alignment of Polarization against an Electric Field in van der Waals Ferroelectrics

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