Directional solidification of aqueous TiO2 suspensions under reduced gravity

Scotti, Kristen L.; Northard, Emily E.; Plunk, Amelia; Tappan, Bryce C.; Dunand, David C.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2016.11.038

Title: Directional solidification of aqueous TiO₂ suspensions under reduced gravity

Journal Article · Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Acta Materialia

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.11.038· OSTI ID:1648105

Scotti, Kristen L. ^[1]; Northard, Emily E. ^[1]; Plunk, Amelia ^[1];

^[2]; Dunand, David C. ^[1]

Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Porous materials exhibiting aligned, elongated pore structures can be created by directional solidification of aqueous suspensions—where particles are rejected from a propagating ice front and form interdendritic, particle-packed walls—followed by sublimation of the ice, and sintering of the particle walls. Theoretical models that predict dendritic lamellae spacing—and thus wall and pore width in the final materials—are currently limited due to an inability to account for gravity-driven convective effects during solidification. In this work, aqueous suspensions of 10–30 nm TiO₂ nanoparticles are solidified on parabolic flights under micro-, lunar (~0.17 g; g_l = 1.62 m/s²), and Martian (~0.38 g; g_m = 3.71 m/s²) gravity and compared to terrestrially-solidified samples. After ice sublimation and sintering, all resulting TiO₂ materials exhibit elongated lamellar pores replicating the ice dendrites. Furthermore, increasing the TiO₂ fraction in the suspensions leads to decreased lamellar spacing in all samples, regardless of gravitational acceleration. Consistent with previous studies of microgravity solidification of binary metallic alloys, lamellar spacing decreases with increasing gravitational acceleration. Furthermore, mean lamellar spacing for 20 wt% TiO₂ nanoparticles suspensions under micro-, lunar, Martian, and terrestrial gravity are, respectively: 50 ± 8, 34 ± 11, 30 ± 6, and 23 ± 9 μm, indicating that gravity-driven convection strongly affects lamellae spacing under terrestrial gravity conditions. Gravitational effects on lamellar spacing are highest at low TiO₂ fractions in the suspension; for 5 wt% TiO₂ suspensions, the microgravity lamellar spacing is more than twice that under terrestrial gravity (182 ± 21 vs. 81 ± 23 μm). Results of this study are in good agreement with previous studies of binary metallic alloy solidification where primary dendrite spacing increases under microgravity. Additionally, literature data from ice-templating systems are used to discuss a dependence on lamellae spacing of the density ratio of particles and fluid.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; DMR-1121262

OSTI ID:: 1648105

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-20-23793

Journal Information:: Acta Materialia, Vol. 124; ISSN 1359-6454

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 17 works

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Freeze casting
reduced gravity
titanium dioxide
TiO2
microgravity
parabolic flights
ice banding
ice-templating

Title: Directional solidification of aqueous TiO2 suspensions under reduced gravity

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Title: Directional solidification of aqueous TiO₂ suspensions under reduced gravity