Glass waste form options for rare-earth fission products from electrochemical reprocessing

Riley, Brian J.; Chong, Saehwa

doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120161

Title: Glass waste form options for rare-earth fission products from electrochemical reprocessing

Journal Article · Thu Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120161· OSTI ID:1638075

^[1]; Chong, Saehwa ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Herein, we describe a first-of-a-kind study where lead tellurite (Pb-Te-O), iron phosphate (Fe-P-O), and lanthanide aluminoborosilicate (LABS) waste forms are evaluated for treating and/or immobilizing waste streams containing high rare-earth (RE) content, e.g., RECl₃, REOCl, and/or REO_x. Results from this study show that NdOCl can be immobilized in 78TeO₂-22PbO glass at up to 10 mass%. Higher loadings of up to 15 mass% were demonstrated, but with a small fraction of crystallization. Two Fe-P-O glasses produced from either RECl₃ (RE = Nd,Ce) or NdOCl revealed products with very similar properties, demonstrating that the phosphate process can be used to chlorinate a variety of RE-containing waste streams. Two LABS glasses produced from Nd₂O₃ or NdOCl showed similar properties, but the LABS-NdOCl glass did have some residual Cl present. Characterization is provided for all waste forms including chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and bulk density.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1638075

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1691940

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-152212

Journal Information:: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 545, Issue 1; ISSN 0022-3093

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (25)

Purification of LiCl–KCl eutectic waste salt containing rare earth chlorides delivered from the pyrochemical process of used nuclear fuel using a reactive distillation process Eun, H. C.; Choi, J. H.; Cho, I. H. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 307, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4231-1	journal	June 2015
On the Development of a Distillation Process for the Electrometallurgical Treatment of Irradiated Spent Nuclear fuel Westphal, Brian R.; Marsden, Kenneth C.; Price, John C. Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Vol. 40, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5516/NET.2008.40.3.163	journal	April 2008
Melt Crystallization Process Treatment of LiCl Salt Waste Generated from Electrolytic Reduction Process of Spent Oxide Fuel Cho, Yung-Zun; Ahn, Byung-Gil; Eun, Hee-Chul Energy Procedia, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.06.072	journal	January 2011
Dehalogenation of electrochemical processing salt simulants with ammonium phosphates and immobilization of salt cations in an iron phosphate glass waste form Riley, Brian J.; Peterson, Jacob A.; Vienna, John D. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 529 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151949	journal	February 2020
Improving the Integral Fast Reactor's Proposed Salt Waste Management System Siemer, Darryl D. Nuclear Technology, Vol. 178, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.13182/NT12-A13599	journal	June 2012
Thermal Conversion of Heavy Metal Chlorides (PbCl ₂ , CdCl ₂ ) and Alkaline Chlorides (NaCl, KCl) into Phosphate Glasses Donze, Sébastien; Montagne, Lionel; Palavit, Gérard Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm991205d	journal	July 2000
Iodine solubility in a low-activity waste borosilicate glass at 1000°C Riley, Brian J.; Schweiger, Michael J.; Kim, Dong-Sang Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 452, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.04.027	journal	September 2014
Iodine solubility and speciation in glasses Cicconi, M. R.; Pili, E.; Grousset, L. Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44274-4	journal	May 2019
Incorporation of iodates into hydroxyapatites: a new approach for the confinement of radioactive iodine Campayo, Lionel; Grandjean, Agnès; Coulon, Antoine Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm14157k	journal	January 2011
Candidate waste forms for immobilisation of waste chloride salt from pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel Vance, E. R.; Davis, J.; Olufson, K. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 420, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.09.020	journal	January 2012
Glass binder development for a glass-bonded sodalite ceramic waste form Riley, Brian J.; Vienna, John D.; Frank, Steven M. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 489 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.03.041	journal	June 2017
Immobilization and bonding scheme of radioactive iodine-129 in silver tellurite glass Lee, Cheong Won; Pyo, Jae-Young; Park, Hwan-Seo Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 492 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.05.024	journal	August 2017
Tellurite glass as a waste form for mixed alkali–chloride waste streams: Candidate materials selection and initial testing Riley, Brian J.; Rieck, Bennett T.; McCloy, John S. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 424, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.01.024	journal	May 2012
Structure and Chemistry in Halide Lead–Tellurite Glasses McCloy, John S.; Riley, Brian J.; Lipton, Andrew S. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp310820t	journal	February 2013
Assessment of lead tellurite glass for immobilizing electrochemical salt wastes from used nuclear fuel reprocessing Riley, Brian J.; Kroll, Jared O.; Peterson, Jacob A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 495 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.08.037	journal	November 2017
Characteristics of Oxidation Reaction of Rare-earth Chlorides for Precipitation in LiCl-KCl Molten Salt by Oxygen Sparging Cho, Yong-Jun; Yang, Hee-Chul; Eun, Hee-Chul Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 43, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1080/18811248.2006.9711221	journal	October 2006
Liquidus temperature and chemical durability of selected glasses to immobilize rare earth oxides waste Mohd Fadzil, Syazwani; Hrma, Pavel; Schweiger, Michael J. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 465 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.06.050	journal	October 2015
Component effects on crystallization of RE-containing aluminoborosilicate glass Mohd Fadzil, Syazwani; Hrma, Pavel; Schweiger, Michael J. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 478 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.06.018	journal	September 2016
Synthesis of nuclear waste monazites, ideal actinide hosts for geologic disposal McCarthy, Gregory J.; White, William B.; Pfoertsch, Diane E. Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(78)90215-5	journal	November 1978
Waste form evaluation for RECl3 and REO fission products separated from used electrochemical salt Riley, Brian J.; Pierce, David A.; Crum, Jarrod V. Progress in Nuclear Energy, Vol. 104 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2017.09.005	journal	April 2018
Oxidation-Reduction Equilibrium in Copper Phosphate Glass Melted in Air Bae, Byeong-Soo; Weinberg, Michael C. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 74, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb04299.x	journal	December 1991
Fabrication of Sn-doped zinc phosphate glass using a platinum crucible Masai, Hirokazu; Tanimoto, Toshiro; Fujiwara, Takumi Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 358, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.09.025	journal	January 2012
The structure and properties of zinc aluminophosphate glasses Smith, Charmayne E.; Brow, Richard K.; Montagne, Lionel Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 386 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2013.11.042	journal	February 2014
Crystal chemical studies of the 5f-series of elements. XII. New compounds representing known structure types Zachariasen, W. H. Acta Crystallographica, Vol. 2, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X49001016	journal	December 1949
Electrochemical Salt Wasteform Development: A Review of Salt Treatment and Immobilization Options Riley, Brian J. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 59, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01357	journal	May 2020

Similar Records

Waste form evaluation for RECl₃ and REO_x fission products separated from used electrochemical salt

Journal Article · Fri Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Progress in Nuclear Energy · OSTI ID:1638075

Riley, Brian J.; Pierce, David A.; Crum, Jarrod V.; +3 more

Glass structure and crystallization in boro-alumino-silicate glasses containing rare earth and transition metal cations: a US-UK collaborative program

Journal Article · Wed Feb 06 00:00:00 EST 2019 · MRS Advances · OSTI ID:1638075

McCloy, John S.; Marcial, José; Patil, Deepak; +3 more

Component effects on crystallization of RE-containing aluminoborosilicate glass

Journal Article · Thu Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Nuclear Materials · OSTI ID:1638075

Mohd Fadzil, Syazwani; Hrma, Pavel; Schweiger, Michael J.; +1 more

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Rare earth
glass waste forms
tellurite glass
LABS glass
iron phosphate glass
waste form development

Title: Glass waste form options for rare-earth fission products from electrochemical reprocessing

Citation Formats

References (25)

Similar Records

Related Subjects