skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Structural basis of the activation of a metabotropic GABA receptor

Journal Article · · Nature (London)

Metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAB) are involved in the modulation of synaptic responses in the central nervous system and have been implicated in neuropsychological conditions that range from addiction to psychosis. GABAB belongs to class C of the G-protein-coupled receptors, and its functional entity comprises an obligate heterodimer that is composed of the GB1 and GB2 subunits. Each subunit possesses an extracellular Venus flytrap domain, which is connected to a canonical seven-transmembrane domain. In this paper we present four cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human full-length GB1–GB2 heterodimer: one structure of its inactive apo state, two intermediate agonist-bound forms and an active form in which the heterodimer is bound to an agonist and a positive allosteric modulator. The structures reveal substantial differences, which shed light on the complex motions that underlie the unique activation mechanism of GABAB. Our results show that agonist binding leads to the closure of the Venus flytrap domain of GB1, triggering a series of transitions, first rearranging and bringing the two transmembrane domains into close contact along transmembrane helix 6 and ultimately inducing conformational rearrangements in the GB2 transmembrane domain via a lever-like mechanism to initiate downstream signalling. This active state is stabilized by a positive allosteric modulator binding at the transmembrane dimerization interface.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515; R35 GM127086
OSTI ID:
1637649
Journal Information:
Nature (London), Vol. 584, Issue 7820; ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 54 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (51)

G Protein-Coupled Inwardly Rectifying K+ Channels (GIRKs) Mediate Postsynaptic but Not Presynaptic Transmitter Actions in Hippocampal Neurons journal September 1997
Behavioral Characterization of the Novel GABA B Receptor-Positive Modulator GS39783 ( N , N ′-Dicyclopentyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-nitro-pyrimidine-4,6-diamine): Anxiolytic-Like Activity without Side Effects Associated with Baclofen or Benzodiazepines journal April 2004
Closed state of both binding domains of homodimeric mGlu receptors is required for full activity journal July 2004
Dimers and beyond: The functional puzzles of class C GPCRs journal April 2011
CHARMM36 all-atom additive protein force field: Validation based on comparison to NMR data journal July 2013
Epilepsy, Hyperalgesia, Impaired Memory, and Loss of Pre- and Postsynaptic GABAB Responses in Mice Lacking GABAB(1) journal July 2001
Structural insights into the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors journal January 2019
N , N ′-Dicyclopentyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-nitro-pyrimidine-4,6-diamine (GS39783) and Structurally Related Compounds: Novel Allosteric Enhancers of γ-Aminobutyric Acid B Receptor Function journal September 2003
Phenibut (β-Phenyl-GABA): A Tranquilizer and Nootropic Drug journal December 2001
Suppression of Alcohol Dependence Using Baclofen: A 2-Year Observational Study of 100 Patients journal January 2012
Generic GPCR residue numbers – aligning topology maps while minding the gaps journal January 2015
CTFFIND4: Fast and accurate defocus estimation from electron micrographs journal November 2015
GROMACS: High performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers journal September 2015
The oligomeric state sets GABA B receptor signalling efficacy: Tetrameric GABA B receptor signalling journal May 2011
Structural mechanism of ligand activation in human GABAB receptor journal December 2013
Regulation of neuronal GABAB receptor functions by subunit composition journal May 2012
OPM database and PPM web server: resources for positioning of proteins in membranes journal September 2011
New tools for automated high-resolution cryo-EM structure determination in RELION-3 journal November 2018
MotionCor2: anisotropic correction of beam-induced motion for improved cryo-electron microscopy journal February 2017
A Review of Spasticity Treatments: Pharmacological and Interventional Approaches journal January 2013
Allosteric interactions between GB1 andGB2 subunits are required for optimalGABAB receptor function journal May 2001
Biological activity of 3-aminopropyl (methyl) phosphinic acid, a potent and selective GABAB agonist with CNS activity journal April 1993
Trans -activation between 7TM domains: implication in heterodimeric GABA B receptor activation journal November 2010
GABBR2 mutations determine phenotype in rett syndrome and epileptic encephalopathy: GABBR2 Mutations Determine RTT- or EE-Phenotypes journal September 2017
CHARMM-GUI ligand reader and modeler for CHARMM force field generation of small molecules: CHARMM-GUI Ligand Reader and Modeler for CHARMM Force Field Generation of Small Molecules journal May 2017
Allosteric interactions between GABAB1 subunits control orthosteric binding sites occupancy within GABAB oligomers journal July 2018
Global motions exhibited by proteins in micro- to milliseconds simulations concur with anisotropic network model predictions journal September 2013
CHARMM-GUI: A web-based graphical user interface for CHARMM journal March 2008
ProDy: Protein Dynamics Inferred from Theory and Experiments journal April 2011
High Rate of Recurrent De Novo Mutations in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies journal November 2017
A novel mutation in the transmembrane 6 domain of GABBR2 leads to a Rett-like phenotype: Letter to the Editor journal February 2018
Coot model-building tools for molecular graphics journal November 2004
ICM?A new method for protein modeling and design: Applications to docking and structure prediction from the distorted native conformation journal May 1994
A Single Subunit (GB2) Is Required for G-protein Activation by the Heterodimeric GABA B Receptor journal November 2001
UCSF ChimeraX: Meeting modern challenges in visualization and analysis: UCSF ChimeraX Visualization System journal September 2017
GABAB Receptors as Potential Therapeutic Targets journal August 2003
Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis journal March 2018
PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution journal January 2010
A Trafficking Checkpoint Controls GABAB Receptor Heterodimerization journal July 2000
GABAB receptor agonists for the treatment of drug addiction: a review of recent findings journal February 2002
GABA B2 Is Essential for G-Protein Coupling of the GABA B Receptor Heterodimer journal October 2001
Heterodimerization is required for the formation of a functional GABAB receptor journal December 1998
Rearrangement of the transmembrane domain interfaces associated with the activation of a GPCR hetero-oligomer journal June 2019
MDAnalysis: A toolkit for the analysis of molecular dynamics simulations journal April 2011
SWISS-MODEL: homology modelling of protein structures and complexes journal May 2018
Stock-based detection of protein oligomeric states in jsPISA journal April 2015
cryoSPARC: algorithms for rapid unsupervised cryo-EM structure determination journal February 2017
Baclofen Efficacy in Reducing Alcohol Craving and Intake: a Preliminary Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study journal September 2002
International Union of Pharmacology. XXXIII. Mammalian gamma -Aminobutyric AcidB Receptors: Structure and Function journal June 2002
Organization and functions of mGlu and GABAB receptor complexes journal December 2016
Software tools for automated transmission electron microscopy journal May 2019

Similar Records

Molecular mechanisms of metabotropic GABAB receptor function
Journal Article · Fri May 28 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Science Advances · OSTI ID:1637649

Structural insights into the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors
Journal Article · Wed Jan 23 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Nature (London) · OSTI ID:1637649

Structural basis for auxiliary subunit KCTD16 regulation of the GABAB receptor
Journal Article · Wed Apr 10 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · OSTI ID:1637649