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Title: Ringed Structures of the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk Revealed by ALMA

Journal Article · · Physical Review Letters
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [5];  [1];  [1];  [6];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [7];  [11]
  1. Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)
  2. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Firenze (Italy)
  3. European Southern Observatory, Munchen (Germany); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Firenze (Italy)
  4. Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States) ; Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  5. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  6. Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO) (Chile)
  7. European Space Research and Technology Centre (Netherlands)
  8. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Firenze (Italy); Dublin Inst. for Advanced Studies, Dublin (Ireland)
  9. Max Planck Inst. fuer Radioastronomie , Bonn (Germany)
  10. Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
  11. California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

We present Atacama Large Millimeter and Submillimeter Array observations of the protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 that trace the spatial distribution of millimeter-sized particles and cold molecular gas on spatial scales as small as 25 astronomical units (A.U.). The image of the disk recorded in the 1.3 mm continuum emission reveals three dark concentric rings that indicate the presence of dust depleted gaps at about 60, 100, and 160 A.U. from the central star. The maps of the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 2 - 1 emission do not show such structures but reveal a change in the slope of the radial intensity profile across the positions of the dark rings in the continuum image. By comparing the observations with theoretical models for the disk emission, we find that the density of CO molecules is reduced inside the middle and outer dust gaps. However, in the inner ring there is no evidence of CO depletion. From the measurements of the dust and gas densities, we deduce that the gas-to-dust ratio varies across the disk and, in particular, it increases by at least a factor 5 within the inner dust gap compared to adjacent regions of the disk. The depletion of both dust and gas suggests that the middle and outer rings could be due to the gravitational torque exerted by two Saturn-mass planets orbiting at 100 and 160 A.U. from the star. On the other hand, the inner dust gap could result from dust accumulation at the edge of a magnetorotational instability dead zone, or from dust opacity variations at the edge of the CO frost line. Observations of the dust emission at higher angular resolution and of molecules that probe dense gas are required to establish more precisely the origins of the dark rings observed in the HD 163296 disk.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001
OSTI ID:
1631573
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1335192
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-20-20198; PRLTAO; TRN: US2200980
Journal Information:
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 25; ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 256 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Increased H 2 CO production in the outer disk around HD 163296 journal September 2017
A millimeter Continuum Size–Luminosity Relationship for Protoplanetary Disks journal August 2017
The formation of rings and gaps in wind-launching non-ideal MHD discs: three-dimensional simulations journal December 2018
Multiple Gaps in the Disk of the Class I Protostar GY 91 journal April 2018
On the Dust Signatures Induced by Eccentric Super-Earths in Protoplanetary Disks journal November 2019
Dust Continuum Emission and the Upper Limit Fluxes of Submillimeter Water Lines of the Protoplanetary Disk around HD 163296 Observed by ALMA journal April 2019
Compact Disks in a High-resolution ALMA Survey of Dust Structures in the Taurus Molecular Cloud journal August 2019
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Program (DSHARP). VIII. The Rich Ringed Substructures in the AS 209 Disk journal December 2018
Circumstellar Dust Distribution in Systems with Two Planets in Resonance journal January 2019
A dust and gas cavity in the disc around CQ Tau revealed by ALMA journal April 2019
Excitation of Planetary Obliquities through Planet–Disk Interactions journal May 2019
The Mass and Size Distribution of Planetesimals Formed by the Streaming Instability. II. The Effect of the Radial Gas Pressure Gradient journal October 2019
Diverse Protoplanetary Disk Morphology Produced by a Jupiter-mass Planet journal September 2018
Zooming in on the Chemistry of Protoplanetary Disks with ALMA journal March 2017
The Millimeter Continuum Size–Frequency Relationship in the UZ Tau E Disk journal July 2018
The Detection of Dust Gap-ring Structure in the Outer Region of the CR Cha Protoplanetary Disk journal January 2020
Ring structure in the MWC 480 disk revealed by ALMA journal January 2019
New Constraints on Turbulence and Embedded Planet Mass in the HD 163296 Disk from Planet–Disk Hydrodynamic Simulations journal April 2018
Determining mass limits around HD 163296 through SPHERE direct imaging data journal June 2019
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The time evolution of dusty protoplanetary disc radii: Observed and physical radii differ text January 2019
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A UV-to-NIR Study of Molecular Gas in the Dust Cavity around RY Lupi journal March 2018
The time evolution of dusty protoplanetary disc radii: observed and physical radii differ journal May 2019
Radiation Hydrodynamical Turbulence in Protoplanetary Disks: Numerical Models and Observational Constraints journal November 2017
Revised Description of Dust Diffusion and a New Instability Creating Multiple Rings in Protoplanetary Disks journal August 2019
Protoplanetary Disk Rings and Gaps across Ages and Luminosities journal February 2019
New Constraints From Dust Lines on the Surface Densities of Protoplanetary Disks journal June 2019
A Lagrangian model for dust evolution in protoplanetary disks: formation of wet and dry planetesimals at different stellar masses journal December 2018
New Insights into the Nature of Transition Disks from a Complete Disk Survey of the Lupus Star-forming Region text January 2018
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Probing CO and N 2 Snow Surfaces in Protoplanetary Disks with N 2 H + Emission journal September 2019
Rings and gaps in the disc around Elias 24 revealed by ALMA journal January 2018
Dust modeling of the combined ALMA and SPHERE datasets of HD 163296: Is HD 163296 really a Meeus group II disk? journal June 2018
SCExAO/CHARIS Near-infrared Direct Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Forward-Modeling of κ And b: A Likely Young, Low-gravity Superjovian Companion journal November 2018
Systematic Variations of CO Gas Abundance with Radius in Gas-rich Protoplanetary Disks journal September 2019
Gas vs dust radial extent in disks: the importance of their thermal interplay journal March 2017
Asymmetric mid-plane gas in ALMA images of HD 100546 journal February 2019
Multi-epoch Direct Imaging and Time-variable Scattered Light Morphology of the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk journal April 2019
Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth. II. Spacings, Depths, and Number of Gaps, with Application to Real Systems journal October 2018
Chemical Signatures of the FU Ori Outbursts journal October 2018
An ALMA Survey of DCN/H 13 CN and DCO + /H 13 CO + in Protoplanetary Disks journal January 2017
Effects of Ringed Structures and Dust Size Growth on Millimeter Observations of Protoplanetary Disks journal June 2019
DCO + , DCN, and N 2 D + reveal three different deuteration regimes in the disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 journal October 2017
Multiple Paths of Deuterium Fractionation in Protoplanetary Disks journal March 2018
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Is the ring inside or outside the planet?: the effect of planet migration on dust rings journal October 2018
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The ALMA Lupus protoplanetary disk survey: Evidence for compact gas disks and molecular rings from CN text January 2019
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Disk Masses for Embedded Class I Protostars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud journal December 2017
The newborn planet population emerging from ring-like structures in discs text January 2019
Constraining Gas-phase Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen in the IM Lup Protoplanetary Disk journal October 2018
H 2 CO Ortho-to-para Ratio in the Protoplanetary Disk HD 163296 journal September 2018
Multiple Rings in the Transitional Disk of GM Aurigae Revealed by VLA and ALMA journal September 2018
Investigating the Early Evolution of Planetary Systems with ALMA and the Next Generation Very Large Array journal January 2018
Gas Density Perturbations Induced by One or More Forming Planets in the AS 209 Protoplanetary Disk as Seen with ALMA text January 2019
Structure Formation in a Young Protoplanetary Disk by a Magnetic Disk Wind journal September 2018
Dust-to-gas Ratio Resurgence in Circumstellar Disks Due to the Formation of Giant Planets: The Case of HD 163296 journal May 2019
Planet-driven Spiral Arms in Protoplanetary Disks. I. Formation Mechanism journal May 2018
Gaps and Rings in an ALMA Survey of Disks in the Taurus Star-forming Region text January 2018
A Spatially Resolved au-scale Inner Disk around DM Tau journal November 2018
A Cavity of Large Grains in the Disk around the Group II Herbig Ae/Be Star HD 142666 journal June 2018
A gap in HD 92945’s broad planetesimal disc revealed by ALMA journal January 2019
The First Detection of 13 C 17 O in a Protoplanetary Disk: A Robust Tracer of Disk Gas Mass journal September 2019
Upper limits on CH 3 OH in the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk: Evidence for a low gas-phase CH 3 OH-to-H 2 CO ratio journal March 2019
Detectability of embedded protoplanets from hydrodynamical simulations journal January 2020
Submillimetre dust polarization and opacity in the HD163296 protoplanetary ring system journal September 2018
Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks: Planet-induced Line Broadening in Gaps journal January 2019
On the Planetary Interpretation of Multiple Gaps and Rings in Protoplanetary Disks Seen By ALMA journal June 2019
Identifying Anticyclonic Vortex Features Produced by the Rossby Wave Instability in Protoplanetary Disks journal October 2018
Spatial segregation of dust grains in transition disks: SPHERE observations of 2MASS J16083070-3828268 and RXJ1852.3-3700 journal March 2019
Probing Signatures of a Distant Planet around the Young T-Tauri Star CI Tau Hosting a Possible Hot Jupiter journal June 2018
Physical properties of dusty protoplanetary disks in Lupus: Evidence for viscous evolution? text January 2017
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An opening criterion for dust gaps in protoplanetary discs journal April 2017
V1094 Scorpii: A rare giant multi-ringed disk around a T Tauri star journal August 2018
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Evidence for a Vertical Dependence on the Pressure Structure in AS 209 journal November 2018
New Insights into the Nature of Transition Disks from a Complete Disk Survey of the Lupus Star-forming Region journal February 2018
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The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). VII. The Planet–Disk Interactions Interpretation journal December 2018
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Electron Heating and Saturation of Self-regulating Magnetorotational Instability in Protoplanetary Disks journal November 2017
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Radial Variations in Grain Sizes and Dust Scale Heights in the Protoplanetary Disk around HD 163296 Revealed by ALMA Polarization Observations journal November 2019
The newborn planet population emerging from ring-like structures in discs journal March 2019
Gaps and Rings in an ALMA Survey of Disks in the Taurus Star-forming Region journal December 2018
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The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). IX. A High-definition Study of the HD 163296 Planet-forming Disk journal December 2018
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Gas Density Perturbations Induced by One or More Forming Planets in the AS 209 Protoplanetary Disk as Seen with ALMA journal January 2019
Signatures of Young Planets in the Continuum Emission from Protostellar Disks journal June 2018
The Complex Morphology of the Young Disk MWC 758: Spirals and Dust Clumps around a Large Cavity journal February 2018
An Observational Study for Grain Dynamics in the AS 209 Disk with Submillimeter Polarization journal September 2019
On the Planetary Interpretation of Multiple Gaps and Rings in Protoplanetary Disks Seen by ALMA text January 2019
ALMA continuum observations of the protoplanetary disk AS 209: Evidence of multiple gaps opened by a single planet ? text January 2018
Signatures of Young Planets in the Continuum Emission From Protostellar Disks preprint January 2016
Increased H$_2$CO production in the outer disk around HD 163296 text January 2017
A Millimeter Continuum Size-Luminosity Relationship for Protoplanetary Disks text January 2017
Electron Heating and Saturation of Self-regulating Magnetorotational Instability in Protoplanetary Disks text January 2017
Radiation Hydrodynamical Turbulence In Protoplanetary Disks: Numerical Models and Observational Constraints text January 2017
Non-linear Development of Secular Gravitational Instability in Protoplanetary Disks text January 2017
Planet-driven spiral arms in protoplanetary disks: I. Formation mechanism text January 2017
The complex morphology of the young disk MWC 758: Spirals and dust clumps around a large cavity text January 2017
Investigating the early evolution of planetary systems with ALMA and the Next Generation Very Large Array text January 2018
CO and dust properties in the TW Hya disk from high-resolution ALMA observations text January 2018
Rings and gaps in the disc around Elias 24 revealed by ALMA text January 2018
A UV-to-NIR Study of Molecular Gas in the Dust Cavity Around RY Lupi text January 2018
The diverse lives of massive protoplanets in self-gravitating discs text January 2018
A Cavity of Large Grains in the Disk Around the Group II Herbig Ae/Be Star HD 142666 text January 2018
VLTI/MIDI atlas of disks around low- and intermediate-mass young stellar objects text January 2018
The Millimeter Continuum Size-Frequency Relationship in the UZ Tau E Disk text January 2018
The Eccentric Cavity, Triple Rings, Two-Armed Spirals, and Double Clumps of the MWC 758 Disk text January 2018
Spiral Arms in Disks: Planets or Gravitational Instability? text January 2018
Diverse protoplanetary disk morphology produced by a Jupiter-mass planet text January 2018
Constraining Gas-Phase Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen in the IM Lup Protoplanetary Disk text January 2018
Chemical Signatures of the FU Ori Outbursts text January 2018
High resolution millimetre imaging of the CI Tau protoplanetary disc - a massive ensemble of protoplanets from 0.1 - 100 au text January 2018
Submillimetre dust polarisation and opacity in the HD163296 protoplanetary ring system text January 2018
The formation of rings and gaps in wind-launching non-ideal MHD disks: three-dimensional simulations text January 2018
Evidence For A Vertical Dependence on the Pressure Structure in AS 209 text January 2018
SCExAO/CHARIS Near-Infrared Direct Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Forward-Modeling of kappa And b: A Likely Young, Low-Gravity Superjovian Companion text January 2018
The Mass and Size Distribution of Planetesimals Formed by the Streaming Instability. II. The Effect of the Radial Gas Pressure Gradient text January 2018
The ALMA Lupus protoplanetary disk survey: evidence for compact gas disks and molecular rings from CN text January 2018
The Ring Structure in the MWC 480 Disk Revealed by ALMA text January 2018
Multi-epoch Direct Imaging and Time-Variable Scattered Light Morphology of the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk text January 2018
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview text January 2018
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): V. Interpreting ALMA maps of protoplanetary disks in terms of a dust model text January 2018
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): VII. The Planet-Disk Interactions Interpretation text January 2018
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) - IX. A high definition study of the HD 163296 planet forming disk text January 2018
Circumstellar dust distribution in systems with two planets in resonance text January 2018
A gap in HD 92945's broad planetesimal disc revealed by ALMA text January 2019
Pebble accretion in class 0/I YSOs as a possible pathway for early planet formation text January 2019
Upper limits on CH$_3$OH in the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk: evidence for a low gas-phase CH$_3$OH/H$_2$CO ratio text January 2019
Protoplanetary disk rings and gaps across ages and luminosities text January 2019
Observing the gas component of circumplanetary disks around wide-orbit planet-mass companions in the (sub)mm regime text January 2019
Asymmetric mid-plane gas in ALMA images of HD~100546 text January 2019
Dust continuum emission and the upper limit fluxes of sub-millimeter water lines of the protoplanetary disk around HD 163296 observed by ALMA text January 2019
Excitation of Planetary Obliquities Through Planet-Disk Interactions text January 2019
Spontaneous ring formation in wind-emitting accretion discs text January 2019
The time evolution of dusty protoplanetary disc radii: observed and physical radii differ text January 2019
A dust and gas cavity in the disc around CQ Tau revealed by ALMA text January 2019
New Constraints From Dust Lines On The Surface Densities Of Protoplanetary Disks text January 2019
Revised description of dust diffusion and a new instability creating multiple rings in protoplanetary disks text January 2019
New constraints on the dust and gas distribution in the LkCa 15 disk from ALMA text January 2019
An Observational Study for Grain Dynamics in the AS 209 Disk with Submillimeter Polarization text January 2019
Systematic Variations of CO Gas Abundance with Radius in Gas-rich Protoplanetary Disks text January 2019
On the Dust Signatures Induced by Eccentric Super-Earths in Protoplanetary Disks text January 2019
Radial variations in grain sizes and dust scale heights in the protoplanetary disk around HD 163296 revealed by ALMA polarization observation text January 2019

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