skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Autoignition behavior of gasoline/ethanol blends at engine-relevant conditions

Journal Article · · Combustion and Flame
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [3]
  1. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Energy System Division
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Materials Science Division
  3. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Ethanol is an attractive oxygenate increasingly used for blending with petroleum-derived gasoline yielding beneficial combustion and emissions behavior for a range of internal combustion engine schemes, including stoichiometric spark-ignition and low temperature combustion (LTC). As such, it is important to fundamentally understand the autoignition behavior of gasoline/ethanol blends. This work utilizes a rapid compression machine (RCM) and a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine to experimentally quantify changes in fuel reactivity, through ignition delay times and preliminary heat release, for blends of 0 to 30% vol./vol. into a full boiling range research gasoline (FACE-F). Diluted/stoichiometric and undiluted/fuel-lean conditions are explored covering a wide range of compressed temperatures and pressures relevant to conventional and advanced, gasoline combustion engines. Detailed chemical kinetic modeling is undertaken using a recently updated gasoline surrogate model in conjunction with a five-component surrogate to model the RCM experiments and provide chemical insight into the perturbative effects of ethanol on the autoignition process. The diluted/stoichiometric RCM measurements reveal that within the low-temperature regime ethanol retards first-stage and main ignition delay times, and suppresses both the rates and extents of low-temperature heat release (LTHR), while within the intermediate-temperature regime ethanol only causes slight changes. Good agreement of ignition delay time and preliminary heat release prediction is found between model and experimental results. Sensitivity and flux analyses further show that ethanol blending effects are dominated by the competition between the H-atom abstraction from ethanol and other fuel components by OH radical at low temperatures and by HO2 radical at intermediate temperatures. These findings are consistent across both fuel loading conditions explored in this study. In addition, when HCCI engine experiments are mapped onto undiluted/lean RCM measurements under a constant combustion phasing scenario, good correspondence between the two apparatuses is observed for LTHR and start of high-temperature heat release. Finally, the current study highlights the importance of characterizing LTHR in predicting fuel behaviors in high-boost/low-temperature engines, and demonstrates that RCM experiments can provide an alternative, and more-efficient avenue for such characterization.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357; AC52-07NA27344; CBET-1258653
OSTI ID:
1630907
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1644755
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-810946; 158741
Journal Information:
Combustion and Flame, Vol. 216, Issue C; ISSN 0010-2180
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 25 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (54)

The octane numbers of ethanol blended with gasoline and its surrogates journal January 2014
Nature of Fundamental Parameters Related to Engine Combustion for a Wide Range of Oxygenated Fuels conference October 2002
High Efficiency and Low Emissions from a Port-Injected Engine with Neat Alcohol Fuels conference October 2002
Auto-ignition study of FACE gasoline and its surrogates at advanced IC engine conditions journal January 2019
Issues for low-emission, fuel-flexible power systems journal January 2001
Evolution, challenges and path forward for low temperature combustion engines journal July 2017
Alcohol combustion chemistry journal October 2014
Experimental and modeling study of the kinetics of oxidation of ethanol-n-heptane mixtures in a jet-stirred reactor journal February 2010
Combustion chemistry of iso-octane/ethanol blends: Effects on ignition and reaction pathways journal February 2018
Optimization of the octane response of gasoline/ethanol blends journal October 2017
Optimal octane number correlations for mixtures of toluene reference fuels (TRFs) and ethanol journal January 2017
Chemical Ignition Characteristics of Ethanol Blending with Primary Reference Fuels journal September 2019
Octane Numbers of Ethanol− and Methanol−Gasoline Blends Estimated from Molar Concentrations journal December 2010
Autoignition characteristics of oxygenated gasolines journal December 2017
Impact of exhaust gas recirculation on ignition delay times of gasoline fuel: An experimental and modeling study journal January 2019
Auto-Ignition of Iso-Stoichiometric Blends of Gasoline-Ethanol-Methanol (GEM) in SI, HCCI and CI Combustion Modes conference April 2017
Blending Octane Number of Ethanol in HCCI, SI and CI Combustion Modes journal April 2016
Blending Behavior of Ethanol with PRF 84 and FACE A Gasoline in HCCI Combustion Mmode conference September 2017
The Influence of Intake Pressure and Ethanol Addition to Gasoline on Single- and Dual-Stage Autoignition in an HCCI Engine journal August 2018
Advances in rapid compression machine studies of low- and intermediate-temperature autoignition phenomena journal November 2017
The Lean Oxidation of Iso-Octane in the Intermediate Temperature Regime at Elevated Pressures journal July 2000
Shock tube studies of ethanol preignition journal December 2018
Autoignition of ethanol in a rapid compression machine journal May 2014
Low temperature autoignition of 5-membered ring naphthenes: Effects of substitution journal February 2019
Heat release analysis for rapid compression machines: Challenges and opportunities journal January 2019
Intermediate temperature heat release in an HCCI engine fueled by ethanol/n-heptane mixtures: An experimental and modeling study journal March 2014
Autoignition behavior of a full boiling-range gasoline: Observations in RCM and GCI engine environments journal November 2019
On the uncertainty of temperature estimation in a rapid compression machine journal June 2015
A Universally Applicable Equation for the Instantaneous Heat Transfer Coefficient in the Internal Combustion Engine conference October 1967
A Framework for Quantifying Measurement Uncertainties and Uncertainty Propagation in HCCI/LTGC Engine Experiments journal February 2017
Refining Measurement Uncertainties in HCCI/LTGC Engine Experiments conference April 2018
Wall Heat Flux and Thermal Stratification Investigations during the Compression Stroke of an engine-like Geometry: A comparison between LES and DNS journal December 2017
Exploring gasoline oxidation chemistry in jet stirred reactors journal January 2019
Compositional effects on the ignition of FACE gasolines journal July 2016
An Approach for Formulating Surrogates for Gasoline with Application toward a Reduced Surrogate Mechanism for CFD Engine Modeling journal November 2011
The oxidation of 2-butene: A high pressure ignition delay, kinetic modeling study and reactivity comparison with isobutene and 1-butene journal January 2017
An ignition delay time and chemical kinetic modeling study of the pentane isomers journal January 2016
An updated experimental and kinetic modeling study of n-heptane oxidation journal October 2016
An experimental and kinetic modeling study of n -hexane oxidation journal November 2015
A comprehensive iso-octane combustion model with improved thermochemistry and chemical kinetics journal April 2017
An experimental and kinetic modeling study of the oxidation of hexane isomers: Developing consistent reaction rate rules for alkanes journal August 2019
Probing the antagonistic effect of toluene as a component in surrogate fuel models at low temperatures and high pressures. A case study of toluene/dimethyl ether mixtures journal January 2017
Kinetic modeling study of surrogate components for gasoline, jet and diesel fuels: C7-C11 methylated aromatics journal January 2019
Experimental and modeling studies of a biofuel surrogate compound: laminar burning velocities and jet-stirred reactor measurements of anisole journal March 2018
Cyclopentane combustion. Part II. Ignition delay measurements and mechanism validation journal September 2017
Cyclopentane combustion chemistry. Part I: Mechanism development and computational kinetics journal September 2017
Elucidating reactivity regimes in cyclopentane oxidation: Jet stirred reactor experiments, computational chemistry, and kinetic modeling journal January 2017
Faster solvers for large kinetic mechanisms using adaptive preconditioners journal January 2015
Effects of iso-octane/ethanol blend ratios on the observance of negative temperature coefficient behavior within the Ignition Quality Tester journal December 2016
Ignition delay times of ethanol-containing multi-component gasoline surrogates: Shock-tube experiments and detailed modeling journal March 2011
The mechanism by which CH2O and H2O2 additives affect the autoignition of CH4/air mixtures journal February 2016
Ignition in compositionally and thermally stratified n-heptane/air mixtures: A direct numerical simulation study journal January 2015
Direct numerical simulations of ignition of a lean n-heptane/air mixture with temperature and composition inhomogeneities relevant to HCCI and SCCI combustion journal December 2015
On the effect of injection timing on the ignition of lean PRF/air/EGR mixtures under direct dual fuel stratification conditions journal September 2017