Competing effects of soil fertility and toxicity on tropical greening

Fisher, Joshua B.; Perakalapudi, Naga  V.; Turner, Benjamin L.; Schimel, David S.; Cusack, Daniela F.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63589-1

Title: Competing effects of soil fertility and toxicity on tropical greening

Journal Article · Tue Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63589-1· OSTI ID:1629653

^[1]; Perakalapudi, Naga V. ^[2];

^[3]; Schimel, David S. ^[1]; Cusack, Daniela F. ^[4]

California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab. (JPL)
Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronautical Engineering
Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst., Balboa (Panama)
Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst., Balboa (Panama); Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States). Dept. of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability

Tropical forests are expected to green up with increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, but primary productivity may be limited by soil nutrient availability. However, rarely have canopy-scale measurements been assessed against soil measurements in the tropics. Here, we sought to assess remotely sensed canopy greenness against steep soil nutrient gradients across 50 1-ha mature forest plots in Panama. Contrary to expectations, increases in in situ extractable soil phosphorus (P) and base cations (K, Mg) corresponded to declines in remotely sensed mean annual canopy greenness (r² = 0.77– 0.85; p < 0.1), controlling for precipitation. The reason for this inverse relationship appears to be that litterfall also increased with increasing soil P and cation availability (r² = 0.88–0.98; p < 0.1), resulting in a decline in greenness with increasing annual litterfall (r² = 0.94; p < 0.1). As such, greater soil nutrient availability corresponded to greater leaf turnover, resulting in decreased greenness. However, these decreases in greenness with increasing soil P and cations were countered by increases in greenness with increasing soil nitrogen (N) (r² = 0.14; p < 0.1), which had no significant relationship with litterfall, likely reflecting a direct effect of soil N on leaf chlorophyll content, but not on litterfall rates. In addition, greenness increased with extractable soil aluminum (Al) (r² = 0.97; p < 0.1), but Al had no significant relationship with litterfall, suggesting a physiological adaptation of plants to high levels of toxic metals. Thus, spatial gradients in canopy greenness are not necessarily positive indicators of soil nutrient scarcity. Using a novel remote sensing index of canopy greenness limitation, we assessed how observed greenness compares with potential greenness. We found a strong relationship with soil N only (r² = 0.65; p < 0.1), suggesting that tropical canopy greenness in Panama is predominantly limited by soil N, even if plant productivity (e.g., litterfall) responds to rock-derived nutrients. Moreover, greenness limitation was also significantly correlated with fine root biomass and soil carbon stocks (r² = 0.62–0.71; p < 0.1), suggesting a feedback from soil N to canopy greenness to soil carbon storage. Altogether, these data point to the potential utility of a remote sensing product for assessing belowground properties in tropical ecosystems.

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Research Organization:: California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab. (JPL; Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016188; SC0020669

OSTI ID:: 1629653

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1924484

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Tropical ecology
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canopy
soil carbon
Panama
phosphorus
aluminum

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