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Title: Genome-wide mapping of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation in Eucalyptus grandis developing xylem

Journal Article · · BMC Plant Biology
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Pretoria (South Africa). Genomics Research Inst. (GRI). Dept. of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Inst. (FABI)
  2. USDA Forest Service, Davis, CA (United States). Pacific Southwest Research Station; Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of Plant Biology
  3. Univ. of Pretoria (South Africa). Genomics Research Inst. (GRI). Dept. of Plant Science, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Inst. (FABI)

Background: Histone modifications play an integral role in plant development, but have been poorly studied in woody plants. Investigating chromatin organization in wood-forming tissue and its role in regulating gene expression allows us to understand the mechanisms underlying cellular differentiation during xylogenesis (wood formation) and identify novel functional regions in plant genomes. However, woody tissue poses unique challenges for using high-throughput chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) techniques for studying genome-wide histone modifications in vivo. We investigated the role of the modified histone H3K4me3 (trimethylated lysine 4 of histone H3) in gene expression during the early stages of wood formation using ChIP-seq in Eucalyptus grandis, a woody biomass model. Results: Plant chromatin fixation and isolation protocols were optimized for developing xylem tissue collected from field-grown E. grandis trees. A “nano-ChIP-seq” procedure was employed for ChIP DNA amplification. Over 9 million H3K4me3 ChIP-seq and 18 million control paired-end reads were mapped to the E. grandis reference genome for peak-calling using Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq. The 12,177 significant H3K4me3 peaks identified covered ~1.5% of the genome and overlapped some 9,623 protein-coding genes and 38 noncoding RNAs. H3K4me3 library coverage, peaking ~600 - 700 bp downstream of the transcription start site, was highly correlated with gene expression levels measured with RNA-seq. Overall, H3K4me3-enriched genes tended to be less tissue-specific than unenriched genes and were overrepresented for general cellular metabolism and development gene ontology terms. Relative expression of H3K4me3-enriched genes in developing secondary xylem was higher than unenriched genes, however, and highly expressed secondary cell wall-related genes were enriched for H3K4me3 as validated using ChIP-qPCR. Conclusions: In this first genome-wide analysis of a modified histone in a woody tissue, we optimized a ChIP-seq procedure suitable for field-collected samples. In developing E. grandis xylem, H3K4me3 enrichment is an indicator of active transcription, consistent with its known role in sustaining pre-initiation complex formation in yeast. The H3K4me3 ChIP-seq data from this study paves the way to understanding the chromatin landscape and epigenomic architecture of xylogenesis in plants, and complements RNA-seq evidence of gene expression for the future improvement of the E. grandis genome annotation.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1626838
Journal Information:
BMC Plant Biology, Vol. 15, Issue 1; ISSN 1471-2229
Publisher:
BioMed CentralCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Identification and functional evaluation of accessible chromatin associated with wood formation in Eucalyptus grandis journal April 2019
Genome-wide identification of histone methylation (H3K9me2) and acetylation (H4K12ac) marks in two ecotypes of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) journal August 2019
Application of Genomic Technologies to the Breeding of Trees journal November 2016
RNA-seq and ChIP-seq as Complementary Approaches for Comprehension of Plant Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanism journal December 2019
ChIP-seq and RNA-seq for complex and low-abundance tree buds reveal chromatin and expression co-dynamics during sweet cherry bud dormancy text January 2019
ChIP-seq and RNA-seq for complex and low-abundance tree buds reveal chromatin and expression co-dynamics during sweet cherry bud dormancy text January 2019
ChIP-seq and RNA-seq for complex and low-abundance tree buds reveal chromatin and expression co-dynamics during sweet cherry bud dormancy text January 2019