The Intracellular Scots Pine Shoot Symbiont Methylobacterium extorquens DSM13060 Aggregates around the Host Nucleus and Encodes Eukaryote-Like Proteins

Koskimäki, Janne J.; Pirttilä, Anna Maria; Ihantola, Emmi-Leena; Halonen, Outi; Frank, A. Carolin

doi:10.1128/mbio.00039-15

Title: The Intracellular Scots Pine Shoot Symbiont Methylobacterium extorquens DSM13060 Aggregates around the Host Nucleus and Encodes Eukaryote-Like Proteins

Journal Article · Tue Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · mBio (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00039-15· OSTI ID:1626079

Koskimäki, Janne J. ^[1]; Pirttilä, Anna Maria ^[1]; Ihantola, Emmi-Leena ^[2]; Halonen, Outi ^[1]; Frank, A. Carolin ^[3]

Univ. of Oulu (Finland)
Univ. of Oulu (Finland); Univ. of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (Finland)
Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States)

Endophytes are microbes that inhabit plant tissues without any apparent signs of infection, often fundamentally altering plant phenotypes. While endophytes are typically studied in plant roots, where they colonize the apoplast or dead cells, Methylobacterium extorquens strain DSM13060 is a facultatively intracellular symbiont of the meristematic cells of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) shoot tips. The bacterium promotes host growth and development without the production of known plant growth-stimulating factors. Our objective was to examine intracellular colonization by M. extorquens DSM13060 of Scots pine and sequence its genome to identify novel molecular mechanisms potentially involved in intracellular colonization and plant growth promotion. Reporter construct analysis of known growth promotion genes demonstrated that these were only weakly active inside the plant or not expressed at all. We found that bacterial cells accumulate near the nucleus in intact, living pine cells, pointing to host nuclear processes as the target of the symbiont’s activity. Genome analysis identified a set of eukaryote-like functions that are common as effectors in intracellular bacterial pathogens, supporting the notion of intracellular bacterial activity. These include ankyrin repeats, transcription factors, and host-defense silencing functions and may be secreted by a recently imported type IV secretion system. Potential factors involved in host growth include three copies of phospholipase A2, an enzyme that is rare in bacteria but implicated in a range of plant cellular processes, and proteins putatively involved in gibberellin biosynthesis. Our results describe a novel endophytic niche and create a foundation for postgenomic studies of a symbiosis with potential applications in forestry and agriculture.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Academy of Finland; Niemi Foundation; Tauno Tönning Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; 129852; 113607

OSTI ID:: 1626079

Journal Information:: mBio (Online), Vol. 6, Issue 2; ISSN 2150-7511

Publisher:: American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 30 works

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