Role of baryon number conservation in measurements of fluctuations

Pruneau, Claude A.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.100.034905

Title: Role of baryon number conservation in measurements of fluctuations

Journal Article · Thu Sep 12 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Physical Review. C

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.100.034905· OSTI ID:1610199

^[1]

Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States)

Here, I discuss the role and impact of net-baryon number conservation in measurements of net-proton fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions. I show that the magnitude of the fluctuations is entirely determined by the strength of two particle correlations. At LHC and top RHIC energy, this implies the fluctuations are proportional to the integral of the balance function (BF), B^pp¯ of protons and antiprotons, while in the context of the RHIC beam energy scan (BES), one must also account for correlations of stopped protons. The integral of B^pp¯ measured in a 4π detector depends on the relative cross sections of processes yielding pp¯ and those balancing the proton baryon number via the production of other antibaryons. The accepted integral of B^pp¯ further depends on the shape and width of the BF relative to the width of the acceptance. The magnitude of the measured second-order cumulant of net-proton fluctuations thus has much less to do with QCD susceptibilities than with the creation/transport of baryons and antibaryons in heavy-ion collisions, and most particularly the impact of radial flow on the width of the BF. I thus advocate that net-proton fluctuations should be studied by means of differential BF measurements rather than with integral correlators. I also derive an expression of net-baryon fluctuations in terms of integrals of balance functions of identified baryon pairs and argue that measurements of such balance functions would enable a better understanding of the collision system expansion dynamics, the hadronization chemistry, and an experimental assessment of the strength of net-baryon fluctuations.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-92ER40713

OSTI ID:: 1610199

Journal Information:: Physical Review. C, Vol. 100, Issue 3; ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 16 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (45)

Charged Particle Ratio Fluctuation as a Signal for Quark-Gluon Plasma Jeon, S.; Koch, V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2076	journal	September 2000
Net charge fluctuations in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 130 GeV$ Adams, J.; Adler, C.; Aggarwal, M. M. Physical Review C, Vol. 68, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.68.044905	journal	October 2003
Relative particle yield fluctuations in $$\text{ Pb--Pb }$$ Pb--Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{{NN}}} =2.76\hbox { TeV}$$ s NN = 2.76 TeV Acharya, S.; Adamová, D.; Adolfsson, J. The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 79, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6711-x	journal	March 2019
Bridging the gap between event-by-event fluctuation measurements and theory predictions in relativistic nuclear collisions Braun-Munzinger, P.; Rustamov, A.; Stachel, J. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 960 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.01.011	journal	April 2017
Methods for the study of particle production fluctuations Pruneau, C.; Gavin, S.; Voloshin, S. Physical Review C, Vol. 66, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044904	journal	October 2002
Using higher moments of fluctuations and their ratios in the search for the QCD critical point Athanasiou, Christiana; Rajagopal, Krishna; Stephanov, Misha Physical Review D, Vol. 82, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.82.074008	journal	October 2010
Net-Charge Fluctuations in Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV$ Abelev, B.; Adam, J.; Adamová, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.152301	journal	April 2013
The balance function in azimuthal angle is a measure of the transverse flow Bożek, Piotr Physics Letters B, Vol. 609, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.01.072	journal	March 2005
Properties and uses of factorial cumulants in relativistic heavy-ion collisions Kitazawa, Masakiyo; Luo, Xiaofeng Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.024910	journal	August 2017
Confronting fluctuations of conserved charges in central nuclear collisions at the LHC with predictions from Lattice QCD Braun-Munzinger, P.; Kalweit, A.; Redlich, K. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 956 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2016.02.024	journal	December 2016
The First Moment of Azimuthal Anisotropy in Nuclear Collisions from AGS to LHC Energies Singha, Subhash; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth; Keane, Declan Advances in High Energy Physics, Vol. 2016 https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2836989	journal	January 2016
Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark–gluon plasma: The STAR Collaboration's critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions Adams, J.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 757, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.085	journal	August 2005
Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX Collaboration Adcox, K.; Adler, S. S.; Afanasiev, S. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 757, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.086	journal	August 2005
STAR experiment results from the beam energy scan program at the RHIC Mohanty, Bedangadas Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 38, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/38/12/124023	journal	November 2011
Charge correlations using the balance function in Pb–Pb collisions at <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd" xmlns:sa="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-aff/dtd"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.76</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> Abelev, B.; Adam, J.; Adamová, D. Physics Letters B, Vol. 723, Issue 4-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2013.05.039	journal	June 2013
Differential correlation measurements with the identity method Pruneau, Claude A.; Ohlson, Alice Physical Review C, Vol. 98, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.014905	journal	July 2018
Balance functions from $Au + Au$ , $d + Au$ , and $p + p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alakhverdyants, A. V. Physical Review C, Vol. 82, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.024905	journal	August 2010
Rapidity window dependences of higher order cumulants and diffusion master equation Kitazawa, Masakiyo Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 942 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2015.07.008	journal	October 2015
Large proton cumulants from the superposition of ordinary multiplicity distributions Bzdak, Adam; Koch, Volker; Oliinychenko, Dmytro Physical Review C, Vol. 98, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.054901	journal	November 2018
Clocking Hadronization in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions with Balance Functions Bass, Steffen A.; Danielewicz, Pawel; Pratt, Scott Physical Review Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2689	journal	September 2000
Removing distortions from charge balance functions Pratt, Scott; Cheng, Sen Physical Review C, Vol. 68, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.68.014907	journal	July 2003
Diagonal and off-diagonal susceptibilities of conserved quantities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions Chatterjee, Arghya; Chatterjee, Sandeep; Nayak, Tapan K. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/43/12/125103	journal	October 2016
Probing hadronization with strangeness Bass, Steffen A.; Danielewicz, Pawel; Dumitru, Adrian Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 27, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/27/3/348	journal	February 2001
$K / π$ Fluctuations at Relativistic Energies Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.092301	journal	August 2009
The pressure in 2, 2+1 and 3 flavour QCD Karsch, F.; Laermann, E.; Peikert, A. Physics Letters B, Vol. 478, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(00)00292-6	journal	April 2000
Beam-energy dependence of charge balance functions from Au + Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G. Physical Review C, Vol. 94, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.024909	journal	August 2016
Identity method reexamined Pruneau, Claude A. Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.054902	journal	November 2017
Non-Gaussian Fluctuations near the QCD Critical Point Stephanov, M. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.032301	journal	January 2009
Event-by-event fluctuations in collective quantities Voloshin, S. A.; Koch, V.; Ritter, H. G. Physical Review C, Vol. 60, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.60.024901	journal	July 1999
Beam-energy and system-size dependence of dynamical net charge fluctuations Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z. Physical Review C, Vol. 79, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.79.024906	journal	February 2009
The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics Aoki, Y.; Endrődi, G.; Fodor, Z. Nature, Vol. 443, Issue 7112 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05120	journal	October 2006
Confronting fluctuations of conserved charges in central nuclear collisions at the LHC with predictions from Lattice QCD Braun-Munzinger, P.; Kalweit, A.; Redlich, K. Physics Letters B, Vol. 747 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.05.077	journal	July 2015
Probing hadronization with strangeness Bass, Steffen A. NONEQUILIBRIUM AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN NUCLEAR AND OTHER FINITE SYSTEMS:International Conference, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1427445	conference	January 2001
Non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point Stephanov, M. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0809.3450	text	January 2008
STAR experiment results from the beam energy scan program at RHIC Mohanty, Bedangadas arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1106.5902	text	January 2011
Rapidity window dependences of higher order cumulants and diffusion master equation Kitazawa, Masakiyo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1505.04349	text	January 2015
The first moment of azimuthal anisotropy in nuclear collisions from AGS to LHC energies Singha, Subhash; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth; Keane, Declan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1610.00646	text	January 2016
Bridging the gap between event-by-event fluctuation measurements and theory predictions in relativistic nuclear collisions Braun-Munzinger, P.; Rustamov, A.; Stachel, J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1612.00702	text	January 2016
Large proton cumulants from the superposition of ordinary multiplicity distributions Bzdak, Adam; Koch, Volker; Oliinychenko, Dmytro arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.04463	text	January 2018
Differential Correlation Measurements with the Identity Method Pruneau, Claude; Ohlson, Alice arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.02264	text	January 2018
The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics Aoki, Y.; Endrodi, G.; Fodor, Z. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-lat/0611014	text	January 2006
Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration Collaboration, Phenix; Adcox, K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.nucl-ex/0410003	text	January 2004
Experimental and Theoretical Challenges in the Search for the Quark Gluon Plasma: The STAR Collaboration's Critical Assessment of the Evidence from RHIC Collisions Collaboration, Star; Adams, J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.nucl-ex/0501009	text	January 2005
Clocking hadronization in relativistic heavy ion collisions with balance functions Bass, Steffen; Danielewicz, Pawel; Pratt, Scott arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/0005044	text	January 2000
Removing Distortions from Charge Balance Functions Pratt, Scott; Cheng, Sen arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/0303025	text	January 2003

Cited By (2)

Fluctuations of identified particle yields using the $ν_{dyn}$ variable at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Singh, Vivek Kumar; Mishra, Dipak Kumar; Ahammed, Zubayer Physical Review C, Vol. 101, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.101.014903	journal	January 2020
Global baryon number conservation encoded in net-proton fluctuations measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV Acharya, Shreyasi; Adamova, Dagmar; Adler, Alexander GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, GSI, Darmstadt https://doi.org/10.15120/gsi-2021-00197	text	January 2020

Similar Records

Cumulants and correlation functions of net-proton, proton, and antiproton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Journal Article · Thu Aug 05 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physical Review C · OSTI ID:1610199

Abdallah, M. S.; Adam, J.; Adamczyk, L.; +388 more

Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in pp, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at the STAR detector

Journal Article · Sun Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2009 · Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics · OSTI ID:1610199

Abelev, B I; Barannikova, O; Betts, R R; +17 more

Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in pp, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at the star detector.

Journal Article · Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2009 · Phys. Rev. C · OSTI ID:1610199

Abelev, B I; Aggarwal, M M; Ahammed, Z; +5 more

Related Subjects

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Physics
Particle correlations & fluctuations
Relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Thermal & statistical models

Title: Role of baryon number conservation in measurements of fluctuations

Citation Formats

References (45)

Cited By (2)

Similar Records

Related Subjects