Detonation synthesis of carbon nano-onions via liquid carbon condensation

Bagge-Hansen, M.; Bastea, S.; Hammons, J. A.; Nielsen, M. H.; Lauderbach, L. M.; Hodgin, R. L.; Pagoria, P.; May, C.; Aloni, S.; Jones, A.; Shaw, W. L.; Bukovsky, E. V.; Sinclair, N.; Gustavsen, Richard L.; Watkins, Erik Benjamin; Jensen, Brian J.; Dattelbaum, Dana McGraw; Firestone, Millicent Anne; Huber, Rachel Colleen; Ringstrand, Bryan Scott; Lee, J. R. I.; van Buuren, T.; Fried, L. E.; Willey, T. M.

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11666-z

Title: Detonation synthesis of carbon nano-onions via liquid carbon condensation

Journal Article · Fri Aug 23 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11666-z· OSTI ID:1571760

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Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Washington State Univ., Argonne, IL (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Transit through the carbon liquid phase has significant consequences for the subsequent formation of solid nanocarbon detonation products. We report dynamic measurements of liquid carbon condensation and solidification into nano-onions over ~200 ns by analysis of time-resolved, small-angle X-ray scattering data acquired during detonation of a hydrogen-free explosive, DNTF (3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan). Further, thermochemical modeling predicts a direct liquid to solid graphite phase transition for DNTF products ~200 ns post-detonation. Solid detonation products were collected and characterized by high-resolution electron microscopy to confirm the abundance of carbon nano-onions with an average diameter of ~10 nm, matching the dynamic measurements. We analyze other carbon-rich explosives by similar methods to systematically explore different regions of the carbon phase diagram traversed during detonation. Our results suggest a potential pathway to the efficient production of carbon nano-onions, while offering insight into the phase transformation kinetics of liquid carbon under extreme pressures and temperatures.

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Research Organization:: Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States). Inst. for Shock Physics; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry; Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Programs (DP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation R&D (NA-22); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; Lawrence Fellowship

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0002442; AC02-05CH11231; AC52-07NA27344; AC02-06CH11357; 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1571760

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1574178; OSTI ID: 1580910; OSTI ID: 1604017

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-755497; LA-UR-20-21965; TRN: US2001398

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 44 works

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Title: Detonation synthesis of carbon nano-onions via liquid carbon condensation

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