Lithiation of multilayer Ni/NiO electrodes: criticality of nickel layer thicknesses on conversion reaction kinetics

Evmenenko, Guennadi; Fister, Timothy T.; Buchholz, D. Bruce; Castro, Fernando C.; Li, Qianqian; Wu, Jinsong; Dravid, Vinayak P.; Fenter, Paul; Bedzyk, Michael J.

doi:10.1039/C7CP02448G

Title: Lithiation of multilayer Ni/NiO electrodes: criticality of nickel layer thicknesses on conversion reaction kinetics

Journal Article · Tue Jul 11 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. PCCP

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP02448G· OSTI ID:1566741

Evmenenko, Guennadi ^[1]; Fister, Timothy T. ^[2]; Buchholz, D. Bruce ^[1]; Castro, Fernando C. ^[3]; Li, Qianqian ^[3]; Wu, Jinsong ^[4];

^[1];

^[2];

^[5]

Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). EPIC, NUANCE Center
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). EPIC, NUANCE Center
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering and Dept. of Physics and Astronomy

X-ray reflectivity and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the morphological changes in thin film electrodes with alternating Ni and NiO layers during lithiation as a function of the Ni buffer layer thickness. Complete lithiation of the active NiO layers occurs only when the thickness of the Ni/NiO bilayers are less than 75 Å – a threshold value that is determined by the sum of the Ni quantity in the Ni/NiO bilayer of the multilayer stack. Thicker Ni/NiO bilayers present a kinetic barrier for lithium ion diffusion inside the stack resulting in partial lithiation of the multilayer electrodes in which only the top NiO layer lithiates. Lithiation of NiO layers in a multilayer stack also leads to an interface-specific reaction that is observed to increase the thicknesses of adjacent Ni layers by 3–4 Å and is associated with the formation of a low-density Li₂O layer, corresponding to an interfacially-driven phase separation of the NiO. Rate dependent cyclic voltammetry studies reveal a linear relation between the peak current and scan rate suggesting that the lithiation kinetics are controlled by charge transfer resistance at the liquid–solid interface.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1566741

Journal Information:: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. PCCP, Vol. 19, Issue 30; ISSN 1463-9076

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 15 works

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Structural analysis of the initial lithiation of NiO thin film electrodes Evmenenko, Guennadi; Fister, Timothy T.; Castro, Fernando C. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01527b	journal	January 2019

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