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Title: Bovine eggs release zinc in response to parthenogenetic and sperm-induced egg activation

Journal Article · · Theriogenology
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [1];  [5]
  1. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
  2. Northwestern Univ., Chicago, IL (United States)
  3. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  4. Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
  5. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Northwestern Univ., Chicago, IL (United States)

Upon fertilization or parthenogenesis, zinc is released into the extracellular space through a series of exocytic events termed zinc sparks, which are tightly coordinated with intracellular calcium transients. The zinc spark reduces the total amount of intracellular zinc, and this reduction is necessary and sufficient to induce egg activation even in the absence of calcium transients. In addition, this zinc release contributes to the block to polyspermy through modification of the zona pellucida. The zinc spark has been documented in all organisms examined to date including the mouse, two species of nonhuman primates, and human. Here we determined whether zinc sparks occur in the bovine, an important model of gamete development in mono-ovulatory mammalian species. We obtained metaphase II-arrested (MII) bovine eggs following in vitro maturation. Total zinc, assessed in single cells using X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy, was significantly more abundant in the bovine egg compared to iron and copper. Studies with intracellular fluorescent probes revealed that labile zinc pools are localized to discrete cytoplasmic punctae enriched at the cortex. To determine whether zinc undergoes dynamic fluxes during egg activation, we parthenogenetically activated bovine eggs using two approaches: ionomycin or bovine phospholipase C zeta (bPlcζ) Both these methods induced zinc sparks coordinately with intracellular calcium transients. The zinc spark was also observed in bovine eggs following intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Furthermore, these results establish that zinc is the most abundant transition metal in the bovine egg, and zinc flux during egg activation-induced by chemical activation or sperm-is a highly conserved event across mammalian species.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
Ferring International Centers S.A. (Ferring Pharmaceuticals); National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
1528925
Journal Information:
Theriogenology, Vol. 127, Issue C; ISSN 0093-691X
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 24 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (2)

Perfect date—the review of current research into molecular bases of mammalian fertilization journal January 2020
A biophotonic approach to measure pH in small volumes in vitro: Quantifiable differences in metabolic flux around the cumulus‐oocyte‐complex (COC) journal December 2019

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