Role of surface oxygen-to-metal ratio on the wettability of rare-earth oxides

Khan, Sami; Azimi, Gisele; Yildiz, Bilge; Varanasi, Kripa K.

doi:10.1063/1.4907756

Title: Role of surface oxygen-to-metal ratio on the wettability of rare-earth oxides

Journal Article · Mon Feb 09 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Applied Physics Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907756· OSTI ID:1483685

Khan, Sami ^[1]; Azimi, Gisele ^[2]; Yildiz, Bilge ^[1]; Varanasi, Kripa K. ^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON (Canada)

Hydrophobic surfaces that are robust can have widespread applications in drop-wise condensation, anti-corrosion, and anti-icing. Recently, it was shown that the class of ceramics comprising the lanthanide series rare-earth oxides (REOs) is intrinsically hydrophobic. The unique electronic structure of the rare-earth metal atom inhibits hydrogen bonding with interfacial water molecules resulting in a hydrophobic hydration structure where the surface oxygen atoms are the only hydrogen bonding sites. Hence, the presence of excess surface oxygen can lead to increased hydrogen bonding and thereby reduce hydrophobicity of REOs. Herein, we demonstrate how surface stoichiometry and surface relaxations can impact wetting properties of REOs. Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and wetting measurements, we show that freshly sputtered ceria is hydrophilic due to excess surface oxygen (shown to have an O/Ce ratio of 3 and a water contact angle of ~15°), which when relaxed in a clean, ultra-high vacuum environment isolated from airborne contaminants reaches close to stoichiometric O/Ce ratio (~2.2) and becomes hydrophobic (contact angle of ~104°). Further, we show that airborne hydrocarbon contaminants do not exclusively impact the wetting properties of REOs, and that relaxed REOs are intrinsically hydrophobic. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the role of surface relaxation on the wettability of REOs.

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Research Organization:: Northwest Energy Innovations, Portland, OR (United States); Hydro Research Foundation, Evergreen, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Water Power Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0006056

OSTI ID:: 1483685

Journal Information:: Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 6; ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 92 works

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